Unit 1: FRIENDSHIP
Ngữ pháp của bài 1: THE INFINITIVE
I. Infinitive with "to"
Ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" trong các trường hợp sau:
1. Sau các tính từ:
Ex: It's nice to see you again.
I am too pour to buy a house
He is not old enough to see that film.
2. Sau các indefinite pronoun:
Ex: I have nothing to do now.
I can't find a place to live.
3. Sau các động từ:
- afford
- agree
- appear
- arrange
- ask
- choose
- decide
- fail
- happen
- help
- hope
- learn
- manage
- offer
- plan
- pretend
- promise
- refused
- tend
- threaten
- want
- wish
* Note:
- would like/love/ prefer + to - infinitive
- like/love/hate/dislike + to - infinitive
- like/love/hate/dislike + V - ing (hobbies, interesting).
4. Verb + O + to - infi:
- advise
- allow
- ask
- beg
- cause
- enable
- encourage
- expect
- invite
- order
- persuade
- remind
- tell
- want
- warn.
5. To - infi diến tả một mục đích. (= in order to = so as to)
6. To - infi as a Subject:
Ex: Tolove and to be loved is the happiest in the world.
7. To - infi as a complement:
Ex: My dream is to become a docter.
II. Infinitive without "to":
Ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu không "to" trong các trường hợp sau đây:
1. Sau các modal Verb:
- Can, could, may, might, should...
- Need, dare
2. Sau had better, would rather:
3. Make, let s.o + bare
4. Verbs of perception:
- Hear/see/watch/notice/feel + O + bare: diễn tả hành động đã kết thúc hoặc toàn bộ hành động.
- Hear/see/watch/notice/feel + O + V-ing: diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra hoặc 1 phần của hành động
Ex: I saw him climb throung the window yesterday.
I see smoke flying from the chimney.
5. Have to do something.
6. Trong các cấu trúc nhấn mạnh:
Ex: I do believe you.
-- That's all –
Unit 2:
PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Grammar:
- Present simple indicating past time
- Tense revision: past simple, past progressive and past perfect
I. PRESENT SIMPLE:
1. Form:
S+ V(s/es)/ be
Ex : want-- wants ; give--- gives ; be--- am; is ; are
* Verbs ending in : -sh;-ch;-o;-ss;-x then we add "es" ( washes ; washes...)
* Verbs ending in : -y so we change "y" to "i" then add " es" ( studies ...)
2. Adverbs of frequency:
* Never, seldom, rarely, sometimes, often, usually, always, normally, ocassionally ...
* From time to time, constantly, now and then, frequently, every (...) once, twice, threetimes a day ...
3. Uses :
a/ Things are always true :
Ex : Haiduong is not as big as Hanoi
b/ Habits or repeated actions at present :
Ex : I often go to school at 7
c/ Timetable /Schedule :
Ex: The film starts at 8 pm
d/ Likes- interests-belief-hopes..:
* Love , like, hate,dislike ,enjoy, prefer, detest,fancy....
*Thinks ,wonder,consider,suppose, doubt....
* Want ,need, wish, hope, believe,expect,know, understand,....
e/Verbs of perception:
Hear, see,smell,look, notice, seem,, sound...
f/ State verbs :
Contain, consist, feel, last, depend, matter, belong,fit,suit,weigh, own, mean, seem, appear...
g/Headings/headlines:
Ex:100 people are killed.
h/ Plot of a film, play,book ...:
Ex:The films tells about a naughty boy who is hated by step mother .
i/If-When clause :
Ex: If it rains, i will stay at home.
II. TENSE REVISION:
* Past simple:
1. Form:
S+ V(ed)
2. Adverbs of time:
Yesterday , last year , last night, in 1998, in 18th century ....
3. Uses:
a. An completed action in the past
Ex: I met him yesterday
b. When the time is asked exactly :
Ex: When did you do your housework?
c. An action happened at a definitely period of time even the time isn't mentioned
Ex: She opened the door ,changed her clothes and started doing the housework.
d. Sometime the time is definited as a result of a question and an answer at the present perfect tense
e. A habit in the past ( used to , would V)
S+adverb of frequency+ V(ed)
f. A series of past actions
g. An action suddenly happened while another action was happening in the past
Ex: I was sleeping when he phoned
h. In second-type condition and unreal past tenses ( I'd rather , I'd sooner...)
Ex: If I was a billionaire, I would give each of you $10000
-- To be continued –
* Past progressive:
1. Form :
S+ was/were + V-ing
2. Adverbs of time
* At 7 a.m yesterday, at this time last week / last month
* At the end of last year / last month
* From ... to ....
* Between ... and
3. Uses:
a. An action was happening at a definite time in the pastEx :
I was learning English between 8p.m and 10 p.m yesterday
b. An action was happening in the past and interruppted by another action or two actions were happening at the same time
As/when + past simple , S+V ( past continuous
While S+ V( past continuous) S+ V ( past continuous)
Ex: My brother was playing football when my mother came
While my mother was cooking my father was reading newspapers
c. An intension in the past = were going to V
Ex: When I came , he was packing his clothes
d. Criticize a bad habit in the past ( + always )Ex: When at school , Tom always losing things
e. To retell a story or describe a picture
Ex: It was getting darker , a woodfire was burning on the hearth and a cat was sleeping
-- copyright: Alo_Picasso --
* Past perfect
(hè hè, type TV cho lẹ )
1. Form:
had + P.P
2. Use:
a. Nói về một sự việc xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm cụ thể ở quá khứ.
Ex: By 2000 I had graduated from University.
b. Sử dụng cùng với quá khứ đơn để diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trước và hành động xảy ra sau. (Hành động dùng quá khứ hoàn thành
Ex: I had had dinner before I go to bed.
c. Nói về những hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ex: My brother had travelled to many countries before he set up his business.
d. Sử dụng với "by":
Ex: By the time I got home, my sister had cooked lunch.
e. Khi mối quan hệ về time giữa 2 hành động trong quá khứ rõ ràng (như trong cách dùng với "before, after, as soon as) thì có thể dùng thì QKD cho cả hai động từ.
Ex: After she (had) appeared in the film, she got a part in another movie.
f. Lưu ý sự khác nhau giữa các câu sau đây khi thì QKHT dc. dùng với "when"
Ex: When the show ended, I left
(= As soon as the show ended, I left)
When the show ended, I had left
(= By the time the showended, I had left)
g. Dùng với "already, yet, ever, never" để nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra trước.
Ex: Ann did not go to London with her sister. She had already gone there.
-- That's all –
Unit 3: A PARTY
- Gerund and inf:
- Passive gerund & passive inf
I. Gerund & inf:
1. Gerund làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: Learning E is interesting.
Cách dùng này tương đương với cấu trúc: It is + adj + to – inf
Eg: Learning E is interesting = It is interesting to learn E.
2. Gerund đứng sau giới từ:
* Adj + giới từ + gerund:
- Nervous / worry + about
- Good/ bad / clever / skilled / … + at
- Sorry / responsible + for
- Be keen + on
- Fond +of
* V + prep + gerund:
- look forward to
- succec to
- think of / about
- dream of / about
- insit on
- surprised at
- Interested in
- Busy with
* V + O + prep + gerund:
- Prevent s.o from
- Thank s.o for
- Spend money/time on
- Accuse s.o of (buộc tội)
* N + prep + gerund:
- Have difficulty in: sự khó khăn
- There is no point in: k đáng/ chẳng đáng
3. Gerund as a O:
- Admit
- Appreciate
- Avoid
- Consider
- Delay
- Deny
- Enjoy
- Excuse
- Fancyl
- Finish
- Imagine
- Mind
- Miss
- Postpone
- Pratise
- Resist
- Risk
- Suggest
4. V + to – inf/gerund:k thay đổi nghĩa
- Start
- Begin
- Consider
- Continue
- Intend
5. V + to – inf/gerund: thay đổi nghĩa
- Try:
• + to – inf: cố gắng
• + gerund: thử
- Stop:
• + to – inf: ngừng việc này để làm việc khác
• + gerund: kết thúc (thôi làm gì)
- Forget/remember:
• + to – inf: quên/nhớ trước 1 hành động khác
• + gerund: quên nhớ sau 1 hành động khác
Eg: I remember seeing that film
You remember to post the letter for me
- Regret
• + to – inf: lấy làm tiếc sắp làm điều gì
• + gerund: ân hận một điều gì đã (không) làm.
Eg: I regret to say that you r not accepted for the job.
I regret buying the secondhand car.
II. Passive inf & passive gerund:
1. Passive inf:
a. Form:
to be + past participle
b. Use:
* Dùng sau một số động từ để chỉ sự bị động của chủ từ:
Eg: We hope to be consider again.
* Để đưa ra lí do:
Eg: He works hard not to be blamed.
* Sau các tính từ:
Eg: She is glad to be invited to the party
* Dùng sau danh từ:
Eg: It’s time to be separated.
2. Passive gerund:
a. Form:
Being + P.P
b. Use:
Gerund ở thể bị động có các cách dùng giống như cách dùng của gerund ở thể chủ động, nhưng mang nghĩa bị động.
* Làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: Being treated unfairly made her decide to quit the job.
* Làm tân ngữ sau 1 số động từ như: like, hate, mind …
Eg: I don’t like being laughed at.
* Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ:
Eg: She is afraid of beaten.
Compare:
ACTIVE GERUND
1. Instead of selecting a applicants, he went out for a coffee
2. The teacher is keen on including the new students in the school activities.
3. Kate enjoys phoning Jane
PASSIVE GERUND
1. Instead of being selected a applicants, he went out for a coffee
2. The teacher is keen on being included the new students in the school activities.
3. Kate enjoys being phoned Jane
-- That's all –
UNIT 4 : VOLUNTEER WORK
Ngữ pháp :
1. Gerund and present participle
2. Perfect gerund and perfect participle
GERUNDS
A gerund = the -ing form of a verb
-“The gerund” được sử dụng như một tân ngữ của động từ .Là một tân ngữ trực tiếp, nó được sử dụng sau các động từ như:
VERB + GERUND
-enjoy
-appreciate
-mind
-quit (give up)
-finish (get through)
-stop
-avoid
-postpone (put off)
-delay
-keep (keep on)
-consider (think about)
-discuss (talk about)
-mention
-suggest
GO + GERUND
(a) Did you go shopping?
(b) We went fishing yesterday.
---> Go is followed by a gerund in certain idiomatic expressions to express, for the most part, recreational activities
GO + GERUND
go birdwatching
go boating
go bowling
go camping
go canoeing
go dancing
go fishing
go hiking
go hunting
go jogging
go mountain climbing
go running
go sailing
go shopping
go sightseeing
go shaking
go skiing
go sledding
go swimming
go tobogganing
go window shopping
-“ The gerund” được sử dụng sau một “động từ + giới từ” như:
- Approve
- apologise for
- belive in
-count on
- care for
-Complain of
- confess to
- consist of
- depend on
- dream of
- give up
- lead to
- put off-….
EG: John gave uo smoking because of his doctor’s advice
Iam not looking forward to meeting him.
-“ the gerund” được sử dụng dau một “tính từ + giới từ” như:
Absorbed in, accustomed to, afraid of, amused at , angry with, angry at, ashamed of, arwre of, (in) capble of, careful(about)in, excited about, keen on , nice about, different from, embarrassed at, slow in, sorry for, tired of(from)….
EG: Alice is fond of dancing
We are accustomed to sleeping late on weekend
-“ The gerund” được sử dụng sau một số thành ngữ sau:
Can’t b ear, can’t face, can’t stand, can’t help….
EG: He couldn’t help asking me: “ Isn’t anything else you can do for her?”
I didn’t feel lile talking to him after what had happened.
-“ the gerund” được sử dụng như một tân ngữ trực tiếp của một tính từ trong những câu với chủ ngữ giả “ It”
EG: It’s no use reading th is kind of book.
-“ the gerund” được sử dụng sau một số tính từ khác như:
Amusing , comfortable, difficult, easy, great,hopless,lovely, nice, off,plesant,
-“ the gerund” đuợc sử dụng sau” danh từ + giới từ” như:
Choice of, excuse for, possility of, intention of, reason for,…
-“ The gerund” được sử dụng sau một số động từ sau: call, catch. Discover,feel,find,hear,get,imagine,get,kp,leave,n otice, see,send,set, stop,….
EG: I felt him looking at me now and again.
Ellen had notice me talking ưith the landlady.
-“The gerund” được sử dụng như một ngữ trạng từ , đi sau các liên từ như: ưhile, when, if,…
EG: He continued to speak while walking down the path..
-- To be continued –
Participles
There are three kinds of participles in English: present participle, past participle and perfect participle. You probably know the first two from certain tenses and adjective forms. Apart from that, participles are also used to shorten sentences.
Present Participle
The present participle is the ing-form. You surely know this form:
* from progressive / continuous tenses (e. g. Present Progressive) – I am speaking.
* as an adjective form – The film is interesting.
* as a gerund – He is afraid of flying.
Not the exceptions in spelling when adding 'ing':
Exception Example
final e dropped (but: ee is not changed) come – coming (but: agree - agreeing)
final consonant after short, stressed vowel is doubled sit – sitting
final consonant l after vowel is always doubled (in British English) travel – travelling
Final ie becomes y lie – lying
The present participle can be used to describe the following verbs:
come, go, sit
Example: The girl sat crying on the sofa.
The present participle can also be used after verbs of the senses if we do not want to emphasise that the action was completed. (see Infinitive or Ing-Form)
feel, find, hear, listen to, notice, see, smell, watch
Example: Did you see him dancing?
Furthermore, the present participle can be used to shorten or combine active clauses that have the same subject.
Example: She left the house and whistled. – She left the house whistling.
Past Participle
The past participle is the participle that you find in the third column of lists with irregular verbs. You surely know this form:
* from perfect tenses (z. B. Present Perfect Simple) – I have spoken.
* from passive voice – The letter was written.
* as an adjective form – I was bored to death.
For irregular participle forms see third column of irregular verbs. Regular verbs form the past participle by adding ed, however, note the following exceptions in spelling:
Exceptions when adding ed Example
after a final e, only add d love – loved
final consonant after a short, stressed vowel
or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled admit – admitted
travel – travelled
final y after a consonant becomes i hurry – hurried
The past participle can also be used to shorten or combine passive clauses that have the same subject.
Example: The boy was given an apple. He stopped crying. – Given an apple, the boy stopped crying.
Perfect Participle
The perfect participle can be used to shorten or combine clauses that have the same subject if …
* … one action (the one where the perfect participle is used) is completed before the next action starts.
Example: She bought a bike and cycled home. – Having bought a bike, she cycled home.
* … one action has been going on for a period of time when another action starts.
Example: He had been living there for such a long time that he didn't want to move to another town. – Having lived there for such a long time, he didn't want to move to another town.
The perfect participle can be used for active and passive voice.
* active voice: having + past participle (Having cooked, he set the table.)
* passive voice: having been + past participle (Having been cooked, the food looked delicious.)
-- That's all –
Tớ bố sung thêm phần lí thuyết nhé
II. PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE:
- Cách dùng tương tự Present Participle & gerund nhưng về mặt ý nghĩa, nó diễn tả hoặc nhấn mạnh sự hoàn thành của 1 hành động
Eg1: Finishing my homework, I went to bed: Sau khi làm xong bài tập tôi đi ngủ
Having finished my homework, ... : Sau khi đã làm xong bài tập ...
* Câu thứ hai nhấn mạnh việc đi ngủ chỉ xảy ra sau khi đã làm xong bài tập.
Eg2: I approve of helping the poor: Tôi đồng ý với việc giúp đỡ người nghèo
I approve of having helped the poor: Tôi đồng ý với việc các bạn đã giúp đỡ người nghèo
* Câu thứ hai diễn tả ý giúp đỡ người nghèo này đã xảy ra rồi.
- Perfect gerund:
Eg: I had had dinner and then I went out for a walk last night.
~~> Having had dinner, I ...
* Use: Rút gọn & diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác/
- Perfect participle:
Eg: The denied having been there.
PREP/ VERB + HAVING V3
* Use: diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước hoặc ko xảy ra trước.
Unit 5:
ILLITERACY
grammar:
Reported speech with infinitive(s): (Câu tường thuật với động từ nguyên mẫu)
Với loại câu này có kiểu câu chính là:
1. Reported requests and orders (Tường thuật yêu cầu và mệnh lệnh):
Với loại tường thuật này ta có thể sử dụng mẫu tường thuật:
to tell/ask someone to do something
- My teacher told me to listen to her
- She asked me to shut the door
Dạng phủ định: to tell/ask someone not to do something
- My teacher asked me not to talk in the class.
2. Reported offers and suggestions (Tường thuật lời đề nghị giúp đỡ và sự đề nghị).
Trong loại câu này chúng ta thường sử dụng các động từ: offer, promise, refuse, agree, threaten, hope, wish,…. Với công thức như sau: S +reported verb+ to –inf
- She promised to do her homework.
Chúng ta cũng có thể sử dụng các động từ như: remind, warn, advise, invite, allow, ….. với công thức sau:
S +reported verb+ object + to-inf
- My Mom reminded me to go to school early.
-- Hết –
Nào chúng ta cùng nghiên cứu xem bài 8 này có gì rắc rối nhé !
Thì ra nó nói về mấy cái ONE ,ONES ... gì đây .Trước giờ mình học ONE là MỘT ( cũng như two là 2 ấy mà dễ ẹt ) mà bi giờ ONES nó thêm S vào không biết dịch thế nào nhỉ ? chẳng lẽ dịch là " những một " .Còn mấy cái SOMEONE ,ANYONE .... thì chúng ta cũng thường gặp qua rồi mà hình như cũng không hiểu lắm cách dùng ,vậy tội gì mà không lợi dụng dịp này mình ôn luôn nhễ ?
Unit 6: Competition
Reported speech with Gerund
Use: We use reported speech with Gerund in order to report feelings or suggestions. (để tường thuật cảm xúc hoặc lời đề nghị ....của ai đó,)
S + V + (not) Gerund phrase
S + V + (O) + prep + (not) Gerund phrase
* Thường dùng với một số động từ sau:
suggest
admit
deny...
insist on
think of
dream of
look forward to
apologize (sb) for…
accuse sb of
thank sb for
congratulate sb on
prevent sb from
warn sb against…
* Note: Change Subject Pronouns, Object pronouns, Possessive adjectives,... in reported speech
- First person (I , We) → S
- Second person (You) → O
- Third person (He, she, it, they) → unchanged
Change the verb tense if the introducing verb is in past tense.
“You didn’t pay attention to what I said,” the teacher said to him
→ The teacher accused him of not paying attention to what she had said.
-- Hết –
Unit 7 : World population
1.Real conditional sentences (câu điều kiện có thật)
a-Future possible (có thể xảy ra ở tương lai)
If + S + V(simple present) + S + will/can/may/must + V(in simple form)
EX : If I have the money, I will be a new car.
b-Habitual (thói quen)
If + S + V (simple present) + S + V(simple present)
Ex: Ann usually walks to school if she has enough time .
c-Command (câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu)
If + S + V(simple present) + Command form
Ex : Please call me if you hear from Bill.
2 . Present unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
If + S + V (simple present) + S + Would/could/might + V (in simple form)
(Trong mệnh đề phụ nều có to be --> were)
Ex : If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
3.Past unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
If + S + V(past perfect) + S + would/could/might + have + past participle
EX : If I had known that you were there, I would have written you a letter.
Note : có thể dùng phép đảo ngữ trong Past unreal conditional sentences
Ex : If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
--> Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
-----Mệnh đề điều kiện có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.
-----Trong mệnh đề điều kiện, ta có thể thay “If” bằng “unless” (nếu … không, trừ phi). Unless tương đương với “If not”
Conditional in reported speech
Khi viết câu điều kiện dưới dạng câu tường thuật thì:
Type 1 lùi 1 thì
Type 2 và Type 3 không đổi
Ex1: “If I go out with Tom, he won’t go alone” Mary said
--> Mary said (that) if she went out with Tom, she wouldn’t go alone.
Ex2: “What would you do if you went abroad?” Nam asked Trung
--> Nam asked Trung what he would do if he went abroad?
Unit 8: CELEBRATION
SOMEONE,ANYONE,EVERYONE,NO ONE ,ONE,ONES,NONE
-
1. SOMEONE ( một người nào đó )
- Động từ chia số ít
- Thường dùng trong câu xác định
Someone has stolen my sandals : một người nào đó đã chôm dép của tôi rồi
2. ANYONE ( bất cứ ai )
- Động từ chia số ít
- Thường dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn
Don't believe anyone in the house : đừng tin bất cứ ai trong nhà này .
3. EVERYONE (mọi/ mỗi người )
- Động từ chia số ít
- Thường dùng trong câu xác định
4. NO ONE ( lưu ý chữ này viết rời ra ) : không ai
- Động từ chia số ít
- Thường dùng trong câu xác định
No one likes him : không ai thích anh ta
Lưu ý : Cách dùng trong câu xác định hay phủ định ,nghi vấn là chỉ mang tính tương đối -thường dùng thôi chứ không phải bắt buộc mà phải dịch theo nghĩa của câu.
5. NO, NONE ( Không ) (- không ai ,không thứ gì cả )
Hai chữ này trong sách giáo khoa không có nhưng nhiều thầy cô cho nâng cao nên sẵn mình học luôn để dành phòng thân ấy mà .
cần nhớ công thức biến đổi từ NOT qua NO và NONE như sau:
NOT + ANY = NO
NO + N = NONE
I don't see any books on the table : tôi không thấy quyễn sách nào trên bàn cả
= I see no books on the table :tôi không thấy quyễn sách nào trên bàn cả
= I see none on the table : tôi không thấy gì trên bàn cả
6. ONE ,ONES ( cái ,người ....mà ,những cái ,những ngừoi .... )
Hai chữ này không liên quan gì đến số đếm cả nhé .
Chúng dùng để thay thế danh từ đã được nhắc đến trước đó và tùy theo danh từ đó số ít hay số nhiều mà ta dùng ONE ( thế cho danh từ số ít ) hay ONES ( thế cho danh từ số nhiều )
There are three books on the table . có 3 quyển sách trên bàn
Which one do you like ? bạn thích quyển nào ?
I like the red one . tôi thích quyển màu đỏ
ONE trong các câu trên thế cho quyển sách ,đựoc dịch là quyển
There are two people in the room : có hai người trong phòng
which one do you like ? : bạn thích người nào ?
I like the tall one : tôi thích ngừoi cao
ONE trong các câu này thế cho danh từ person ,dịch là ngừoi
There are a lot of houses in this street : có nhiều căn nhà trên con đường này
Which ones do you like ? : bạn thích những căn nào ?
I like the blue ones : tôi thích những căn màu xanh
ONES trong các câu này thế cho danh từ houses ,dịch là những căn
Qua những ví dụ trên ta thấy tùy theo danh từ phía trứoc mà ta dùng ONE hay ONES cho phù hợp .
Chúc các bạn học tốt ,đạt điểm cao nhé !
-- That's all –
Unit 9: POST OFFICE
* Grammar:
Relative Clauses:
Ngữ Pháp >>> Click here >>>
Còn đây là ngữ pháp chính của bài:
Defining Relative Clauses
Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas.
Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls. One girl is talking to Tom and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause defines which of the five girls you mean.
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions.
A seaman is someone who works on a ship.
Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped. (Sentences with a relative clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.)
The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.
Non-Defining Relative Clauses
Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not define it. Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas.
Imagine, Tom is in a room with only one girl. The two are talking to each other and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause is non-defining because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean.
Do you know the girl, who is talking to Tom?
Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that.
Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used.
Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.
-
UNIT 10:
NATURE IN DANGER
Grammar: Relative pronouns with prep.
Ví dụ :
This is the house. I live in it .
=> This is the house in which I live .
Giới từ in bình thường ở sau động từ live nhưng ta cũng có thể đem nó ra trước which .Bài này người ta luyện cho mình cách sử dụng công thức này .
Cần nhớ là chỉ có WHICH và WHOM mới có thể đi sau giới từ ,còn các chữ khác như THAT ,WHOSE .. thì không thể .
This is the chair .I sit on it .
=> This is the chair on that I sit . ( sai )
=> This is the chair on which I sit . ( đúng )
Các bạn cũng chú ý các cụm từ chỉ định lượng đi với of : both of ,none of ,one of ,two of ,neither of ,most of ..... phải đem cả cụm ra trước which ,whom
I have many dogs . You like none of them
=> I have many dogs none of which You like .
Trong cấu trúc này các bạn sẽ gặp những giới từ không thể đem ra phía trước .Đó là trừong hợp giới từ đó hợp với động từ thành một cụm động từ dính liền nên ta không thể tách rời chúng được .
Ví dụ như : Come across ( tình cờ gặp ) ,look after ( chăm sóc ), put up with ( chịu đựng ) ,give up ( từ bỏ )....
This is the man .I came across him yesterday
=> This is the man across whom I came yesterday (sai )
=> This is the man whom I came across yesterday (đúng )
UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY
NGỮ PHÁP CHÍNH :
Relative clause raplaced by participles and to infinitives
1/ Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng participle phrases
a/ Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng presnet participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm đuôi ING)
EX1: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
==> The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
EX2: Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night ?
==> Do you know the boy who broke breaking the windows last night?
[b][color="Blue"]b/Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive) ta dùng past participle phrase (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng V3)
EX1: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
==> The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
EX2: The students who were punished by teacher are lazy.
==> The students who were punished by teacher are lazy
EX3: The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown
==> The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown
2/ Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng to-infinitive hoặc infinitive phrase (có dạng for +O+ to-inf):
Chúng ta sử dụng dạng này trong những trường hợp sau :gặp các từ the first, the second,....the last, so sánh nhất (superlative), mục đích (purpose), .........
EX1:Tom is the last person who enters the room
==> Tom is the last person who enters to enter the room
EX2: John is the youngest person who takes part in the race.
==> John is the youngest person who takesto take part in the race
EX3: English is an important language which we have to master
English is an important language which we have for us to master
EX4:Here is the form that you must fill in
==> Here is the form that for you must to fill in
Ghi chú: chỉ rút gọn được khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ còn nếu làm tân ngữ thì ko rút gọn được
* Dưới đây là đoạn ngữ pháp = E Bạn nào thích thì cứ ngâm cứu thêm phần này nhé
Reduced relative clauses
Although it is not possible to omit the relative pronoun in the subject relative clauses that we have just looked at, we can, if we want, omit an even larger piece of the relative clause and still retain a grammatically acceptable sentence. Using the examples from above, we can say:
I can’t find my notebook containing all my addresses.
She has never met the lecturer leading today’s seminar.
The tall man standing by the bar is my uncle.
The newspaper first reporting the incident is being sued.
This is usually referred to as a reduced relative clause and can only be applied to subject relative clauses not object relative clauses.
The most obvious feature of this type of reduced clause is that the relative pronoun is left out and the verb following the noun always ends in –ing. The second, but perhaps not quite so obvious feature is that the tense of the verb in the original relative clause is not taken into account. Note how the verb tenses varied in the original sentences:
I can’t find my notebook that contains all my addresses. (Present Simple)
She has never met the lecturer who is leading today’s seminar. (Present Continuous)
The tall man who was standing by the bar is my uncle. (Past Continuous) The newspaper which first reported the incident is being sued. (Past Simple)
These –ing forms of the verb in a reduced relative clause are called non-finite verbs, that is, they are not marked in any way for tense. Here, the tense is carried only in the verb of the main clause.
So, to sum up so far, subject relative clauses cannot lose their relative pronoun, except when the whole relative clause is reduced to a non-finite –ing verb form. Object relative clauses can lose their relative pronoun, but cannot form reduced relative clauses.
Now consider the following set of sentences:
The information given in the brochure is wrong.
The criminal picked up at the airport was taken into police custody.
We saw the new play written by Tom Stoppard at the Old Vic.
The second piece played by the orchestra was very well received.
These are also examples of reduced subject relative clauses, but this time the word immediately following the noun which is being described is not an –ing type finite verb but a past participle; these are in bold.
The difference here is that those reduced relative verbs ending in –ing (looked at above) stand in for active verbs, while the past participles replace passive verbs and, as with the former type, they can replace almost any tense.
However, continuous tenses are usually replaced by being + past participle, so in the last sentence we might want to bring it into the here and now by saying: The second piece being played by the orchestra was especially commissioned. Among the possibilities for the full relative clauses for each of the above examples are:
The information which is given in the brochure is wrong.
The criminal who was picked up at the airport was taken into police custody.
We saw the new play that was written by Tom Stoppard at the Old Vic.
The second piece which was played by the orchestra was very well received.
-- Hết --
Xem ngữ pháp Unit 12 >>> tại đây nhé!
__________________
It doesn't matter what people say
And it doesn't matter how long it takes
Believe in yourself and you'll fly high
And it only matters how true you are
Be true to yourself and follow your heart
Unit 12 : The Asian Games
Relative clauses and the omission of relative pronouns:
Relative clause as Subject:
- They got on the first train that came.
- We don’t like the people who/ that talk a lot.
* The pronouns who / which/ that can be the subject of a relative clause.
Relative clause as Object:
They got the first train that we saw.
I like reading the book which/ that you lent me yesterday.
* The pronouns who / which/ that can be the object of a relative clause.
Omission of relative pronouns:
Chúng ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ who, which, that khi chúng là tân ngữ. Chúng ta thường lược bỏ các đại từ quan hệ này trong văn nói)
That’s the lovely girl( who/ that) I met at Hai’s party.
She show me the paintings( which / that ) she had brought back from London.
Khi các đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ thì chúng ta không lược bỏ chúng được
- The woman who wrote this letter is a journalist.
( NOT: The woman wrote this letter is a journalist.)
- The picture that took first prize was my uncle’s.
( NOT: The picture took first prize was my uncle’s)
Unit 13:
HOBBIES
Cleft sentences
What is a cleft sentence and how do we use it?
Cleft sentences are used to help us focus on a particular part of the sentence and to emphasise what we want to say by introducing it or building up to it with a kind of relative clause.
Because there are two parts to the sentence it is called cleft (from the verb cleave) which means divided into two.
Cleft sentences are particularly useful in writing where we cannot use intonation for purposes of focus or emphasis, but they are also frequently used in speech.
Cleft structures include the reason why, the thing that, the person/people who, the place where, the day when and what-clauses which are usually linked to the clause that we want to focus on with is or was.
Compare the following sets of sentences and notice how the cleft structure in each case enables us to select the information we want to focus on:
1/I've come to discuss my future with you.
The reason why I've come is to discuss my future with you.
2/Your generosity impresses more than anything else.
The thing that impresses me more than anything else is your generosity.
3/The jewels are hidden under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road, Epping.
---The place where the jewels are hidden is under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road, Epping.
---Under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road is the place where the jewels are hidden.
4/Mary works harder than anybody else in this organisation.
---The person who works harder than anybody else in this organisation is Mary.
---Mary is the person in this organisation who works harder than anybody else.
5/The Second World War ended on 7 May 1945 in Europe.
---The day (when) the Second World War ended in Europe was 7 May 1945
---7 May 1945 was the day (when) the Second World War ended in Europe.
6/We now need actions rather than words.
---What we now need are actions rather than words.
---Actions rather than words are what we now need.
7/I enjoyed the brilliant music most of all in the Ballet Frankfurt performance.
---What I enjoyed most in the Ballet Frankfurt performance was the brilliant music.
---The brilliant music was what I enjoyed most in the Ballet Frankfurt performance.
Note from the last two examples that cleft structures with what-clauses are often used with verbs expressing an emotive response to something like adore, dislike, enjoy, hate, like, loathe, love, need, prefer, want, etc.
Cleft structures with what-clauses are also often used with does/do/did and with the verb happen when we want to give emphasis to the whole sentence, rather than a particular clause.
Compare the following:
1/The police interviewed all the witnesses to the accident first.
What the police did first was (to) interview all the witnesses to the accident.
2/You should invest all your money in telecoms companies.
---What you should do is (to) invest all your money in telecoms companies.
---What you should invest all your money in is telecoms companies.
3/She writes all her novels on a typewriter.
What she does is (to) write all her novels on a type writer.
4/Their car broke down on the motorway so they didn't get to Jo's wedding on time.
What happened was that their car broke down on the motorway so they didn't get to Jo's wedding on time.
It is sometimes very effective to use all instead of what in a cleft structure if you want to focus on one particular thing and nothing else:
1/I want a new coat for Christmas.
---All I want for Christmas is a new coat.
---A new coat is all I want for Christmas.
2/I touched the bedside light and it broke.
All I did was (to) touch the bedside light and it broke.
Finally, we can also use preparatory it in cleft sentences and join the words that we want to focus on to the relative clause with that, who or when.
In the example which follows, note how this construction enables us to focus on different aspects of the information, which may be important at the time:
My brother bought his new car from our next-door neighbour last Saturday.
---It was my brother who bought his new car from our neighbour last Saturday.
---It was last Saturday when my brother bought his new car from our neighbour.
---It was a new car that my brother bought from our neighbour last Saturday.
---It was our next-door neighbour that my brother bought his new car from last Saturday.
Look out for cleft structures in your reading. They are a very common feature of written English.
Câu nhấn mạnh
Câu nhấn mạnh là gì và làm thế nào chúng ta sử dụng nó ?
Câu nhấn mạnh được sử dụng để giúp chúng ta làm nổi bật một phần nhất định của câu và để nhấn mạnh điều chúng ra muốn nói bằng cách đưa vào nó hoặc xây dựng nó bằng một loại đại từ quan hệ
Bởi vì có 2 phần trong câu nên nó được gọi là cleft (from the verb cleave) từ mang nghĩa là bị chia làm hai
Câu nhấn mạnh được sử dụng một cách đặt biệt hữu ích trong văn viết, nơi mà chúng ta không thể sử dụng ngữ điệu cho mục đích làm nổi bật hay nhấn mạnh, nhưng chúng cũng đựợc sử dụng một cách thường xuyên trong văn nói
Các cấu trúc nhấn mạnh bao gồm the reason why, the thing that, the person/people who, the place where, the day when và what-clauses những cái mà thường được liên kết với mệnh đề chúng a muốn làm nổi bật bằng is hoặc was.
So dánh những cách đặt câu sau và chú ý cách dùng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh trong mối trường hợp để chúng ta có thể lựa chọn thông tin muốn tập trung vào:
1/I've come to discuss my future with you.
The reason why I've come is to discuss my future with you.
2/Your generosity impresses more than anything else.
The thing that impresses me more than anything else is your generosity.
3/The jewels are hidden under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road, Epping.
---The place where the jewels are hidden is under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road, Epping.
---Under the floor at 23 Robin Hood Road is the place where the jewels are hidden.
4/Mary works harder than anybody else in this organisation.
---The person who works harder than anybody else in this organisation is Mary.
---Mary is the person in this organisation who works harder than anybody else.
5/The Second World War ended on 7 May 1945 in Europe.
---The day (when) the Second World War ended in Europe was 7 May 1945
---7 May 1945 was the day (when) the Second World War ended in Europe.
6/We now need actions rather than words.
---What we now need are actions rather than words.
---Actions rather than words are what we now need.
7/I enjoyed the brilliant music most of all in the Ballet Frankfurt performance.
---What I enjoyed most in the Ballet Frankfurt performance was the brilliant music.
---The brilliant music was what I enjoyed most in the Ballet Frankfurt performance.
Chú ý 2 ví dụ cuối, các cấu trúc nhấn mạnh với what-clauses thường được sử dụng với các động từ chỉ cảm xúc như adore, dislike, enjoy, hate, like, loathe, love, need, prefer, want, etc.
Các cấu trúc nhấn mạnh với what-clauses cũng thường được sử dụng với does/do/did và với động từ happen khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh cả câu chứ không chỉ một phần nào đó của câu.
So sánh các ví dụ sau:
1/The police interviewed all the witnesses to the accident first.
What the police did first was (to) interview all the witnesses to the accident.
2/You should invest all your money in telecoms companies.
---What you should do is (to) invest all your money in telecoms companies.
---What you should invest all your money in is telecoms companies.
3/She writes all her novels on a typewriter.
What she does is (to) write all her novels on a type writer.
4/Their car broke down on the motorway so they didn't get to Jo's wedding on time.
What happened was that their car broke down on the motorway so they didn't get to Jo's wedding on time.
Đôi khi cũng sẽ rất hiệu quả khi bạn sử dụng all thay vì what trong cấu trúc nhấn mạnh nếu bạn muốn làm nổi bật một thứ nhất định nào đó mà không phải bất cứ thứ gì khác
1/I want a new coat for Christmas.
---All I want for Christmas is a new coat.
---A new coat is all I want for Christmas.
2/I touched the bedside light and it broke.
All I did was (to) touch the bedside light and it broke.
Cuối cùng, chúng ta cũng có thể sử dụng chủ ngữ giả "It" trong câu nhấn mạnh và nối liền các từ ta muốn tập trung vào với mệnh đề quan hệ có chứa that, who hoặc when.
Trong ví dụ sau đây, chú ý cách mà cấu trúc câu này làm ta có thể tập trung vào nhiều khía cạnh khác nhau của thông tin, điều đó có thể đôi khi quan trọng
My brother bought his new car from our next-door neighbour last Saturday.
---It was my brother who bought his new car from our neighbour last Saturday.
---It was last Saturday when my brother bought his new car from our neighbour.
---It was a new car that my brother bought from our neighbour last Saturday.
---It was our next-door neighbour that my brother bought his new car from last Saturday.
Chú ý kỹ các cấu trúc nhấn mạnh mà bạn đã đọc, chúng là những điểm rất thông dụng trong viết Tiếng Anh.
Unit 14: REACREATION
I.Cleft sentences in the passive
It + be + subject + that + be + pp
ex : Spring is liked by most girls
--> It is spring that is liked by most girls
She gave me a lot of flowers
--> It was I that was given a lot of flowers
II. Both ... and..., not only ... but also ... , either ... or ..., neither ... nor ...
1/ Both ... and ... (vừa ... vừa ...)
Both chỉ được dùng với and, không được dùng với as well as.
Ex :Robert is both talented and handsome.
2/ Not only...but also... (không những ... mà còn ...)
Ex : Robert is not only talented but also handsome. (adjective-adjective)
He writes not only correctly but also neatly. (adverb-adverb)
She can play not only the guitar but also the violin. (noun-noun)
She not only plays the piano but also composes music. (verb-verb)
Thành phần sau but also thường quyết định thành phần sau not only.
Incorrect: He is not only famous in Italy but also in Switzerland.
Correct: He is famous not only in Italy but also in Switzerland.
3/ Neither...nor... (không .... mà cũng không)
Ex: Neither my mother nor my father went to university.
I neither know nor care what's happened to him.
4/ Either...or.... (hoặc ... hoặc ...)
I think she’s either Russian or Polish.
** Lưu ý cách chia động từ **
1/ both gì thì and đó, either gì thì or đó, ......
tức là trong cấu trúc này 2 vế phải "giống nhau" tức là noun đi với noun, verb đi với verb, adj đi với adj, adverbial phrase đi với adverbial phrase, ....
2/ Đối với neither ... nor ... và either ... or ... thì động từ chia theo chủ ngữ ở phía sau :
----Either you or he is right
----Either he or you are wrong
----Either they or I am right
----Neither he nor I am sad
----Neither she nor you are happy
----....vv và ...vv...
-- Hết—
Unit 15: SPACE CONQUEST
TAG QUESTIONS
( Câu hỏi đuôi)
A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. The whole sentence is a "tag question", and the mini-question at the end is called a "question tag".
We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English.
The basic structure is:
Affirmative statement , negative tag?
Negative statement, affirmative tag?
*Look at these examples with positive statements:
EX :
- You have a brother,don't you?
- Mr Minh has been to Hue,hasn't he?
- We have finished ,haven't we?
- Lan will come next week, won't she?
*Look at these examples with negative statements:
EX:
- We don't eat dinner at home,do we?
- It isn't raining, is it?
- You don't like coffee,do you?
- They will not help,will they?
* Some special cases :
a) If the main clause is " I am" , tag question must be "aren't I?"
EX:
I am coming here ,aren't I?
b) If the main clause have " let's" ,tag question must be " shall we?"
EX:
- Let's go to the movies, shall we?
c) If the main clause is request ,tag question must be " will you?"
EX:
- Open the window, will you?
d) If the main clause is invation ,tag question must be "won't you?"
EX:
- Take your seat, won't you?
e) If the main clause have: " seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never,.........." ,tag question must be affirmation.
EX:
-He never goes to school late ,does he?
*Notes:
Grammar :
S + V + O , [ ] + ĐẠI TỪ ?
Trong đó :
Đại từ : Lấy chủ từ câu đầu đổi thành đại từ
Đàn ông ---> he
Đàn bà ----> she
Vật (số ít ) --- -> it
There --- -> there
This --- -> it
That --- -> it
These --- -> they
Those --- -> they
Số nhiều ----> they
Các đại từ như : they,he she ... thì giữ nguyên
[ ] : nhìn ở câu đầu nếu có động từ đặc biệt thì chuyển thành [ ] nếu không có thì mựon trợ động từ do.does ,did
- Nếu câu đầu có NOT ,hoặc các yếu tố phủ định như : never ,rarely ,no ,hardly ...., thì [ ] không có NOT ,nếu câu đầu không có NOT thì [ ] có NOT
-- Còn nữa—
Tiếp Unit 15:
ability: can, could and be able to
1/ Chúng ta sử dụng can (do) để chỉ một việc gì đó là khả dĩ hay một người nào đó có khả năng làm một việc gì đó. Thể phủ định là can’t (can not).
- You can see the sea from our bedroom window.
từ cửa sổ phòng ngủ của chúng ta em có thể nhìn thấy biển.
- Can you speak any foreign language?
Bạn có nói được ngoại ngữ nào không?
- I’m afraid I can’t come to your party next Friday.
Tôi e rằng tôi không thể tới dự bữa tiệc của anh vào thứ sáu tới.
Be able to có thể được sử dụng thay thế cho can, nhưng can thì thường gặp hơn.
- Are you able to speak any foreign languages?
Anh nói được ngoại ngữ nào không?
Nhưng can chỉ có hai thể: can (hiện tại) và could (quá khứ).
Vì vậy đôi khi bạn phải sử dụng be able to:
- I haven’t been able to sleep recently.
gần đây tôi bị mất ngủ. (Can không có thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
- Tom might not be able to come tomorrow.
Ngày mai có thể Tom không đến được (can không có thể nguyên mẫu).
2/ Could và was able to.
Could là quá khứ của can. Chúng ta sử dụng could đặc biệt với nhứng động từ sau: See, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember,understand
- When we went into the house, we could smell burning.
Khi chúng tôi bước vào nhà, chúng tôi có thể ngửi thấy mùi cháy khét.
- She spoke in a low voice but I could understand what she was saying.
Cô ta nói giọng nhỏ nhưng tôi có thể hiểu được cô ây đang nói cái gì.
Chúng ta cũng dùng could để chỉ người nào có khả năng làm việc gì đó:
- My grandfather could speak five languages
Ông của tổi có thể 2 ngôn ngữ.
- When Tom was 16, he could run 100 meters in 11 seconds.
Khi Tom được 16 tuổi, anh ta có thể chạy 100m trong vòng 11 giây.
Nhưng nếu bạn muốn nói rằng người ta đang tìm cách xoay sở làm một việc gì đó trong một hoàn cảnh đặc thù và việc đó có khả năng xảy ra thì bạn phải sử dụng was / were able to (không phải could)
- The fire spread through the building very quickly everyone was able to escape.
Ngọn lửa lan khắp toà nhà rất nhanh nhưng mọi người đều tìm cách thoát thân được. (không nói “could escape”)
- They didn’t want to come with us at first but in the end we were able to persuade them.
Thoạt đầu họ không muốn đến với chúng tôi nhưng cuối cùng chúng tôi đã tìm cách thuyết phục được họ. ( không dùng “could persuade”).
Hãy so sánh could và was able to trong ví dụ sau:
- Jack was an excellent tennis player. He could beat anybody.
(= he had the ability to beat anybody).
Jack là một đấu thủ quần vợt tuyệt vời. Anh ta có thể thắng bất cứ ai.
- But once be had a difficult game against Alf. Alf played very well but in the end Jack was able to beat him. (= he managed to beat him in this particular game).
Nhưng có một lần anh ta có cuộc đấu rất căng thẳng với Alf. Alf chơi rất hay nhưng cuối cùng Jack đã có thể đánh bại được anh ta.
(= Anh ta đã tìm cách đánh bại được Alf trong cuộc thi đấu đặc biệt)
Ta có thể sử dụng thể phủ định couldn’t trong mọi trường hợp:
- My grandfather couldn’t swim.
Ông của tôi không biết bơi.
- We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them to come with us.
Chúng tôi đã cố gắng hết sức nhưng chúng tôi không tài nào thuyết phục được họ đến với chúng tôi.
rất cụ thể và vô cùng chi tiết, nó sẽ giúp ích cho các bạn rất nhiều, đọc cho thật kĩ đấy nhé
Unit 16: THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD
GRAMMAR:PASSIVE VOICE
Revision:
Form:
Be + P.P
Eg:
Present, past and perfect passive tenses:
A: We keep the butter here
P: The butter is kept here.
A: They broke the window
P: The window was broken.
A: People have seen wolves in the streets.
P: Wolves have been seen in the streets.
Passive of continuous tenses:
A: They are repairing the bridge.
P: The bridge is being repaired.
A: They were carrying the injured player off the field.
P: The injured player was being carried off the field.
* Other continuous tenses are exceedingly rarely used in the passive, so that sentences such as:
They have/had been repairing the road and
They will/would be repairing the road are not normally put into passive.
Auxiliary + inf combinations are made passive by using a passive inf:
A: You must/should shut these doors.
P: These doors must/should be shut.
A: They should/ought to have told him.
P: He should/ought to have been told.
Other inf combinations:
Like/love/want/wish ... + O + inf form their passive with the passive inf:
A: He wants someone to take photographs.
P: He wants photographs to be taken.
Command/request/advise/invite + indirect O + inf we form the passive by using the passive form of the main verb:
A: He invited me to go.
P: I was invited to go.
Advise/beg/order/recommend/urge +indirect O + inf + O we can form the passive in two ways: by making the main verb passive, as above, or by Advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + that ... + should + passive inf.
A: He urged the Council to reduce the rates.
P: The council was/were urged to reduce the rates
or He urged that the rates should be reduced.
Agree/be anxious/arrange/ be determined/ determine/ decide/demand + inf + O are usually expressed in the passive by that ... should, as above:
A: He decided to sell the house.
P: He decided that the house should be sold.
Gerund combinations:Advise/insist/proposr/recommend/suggest + gerund + O are usually expressed in the passive by that ... should, as above:
A: He recommended using bullet-proof glass.
P: He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used.
* Other gerund combinations are expressed in the passive by the passive gerund:
A: I remember them taking me to the zoo.
P: I remember being taken to the zoo.
* Need + Gerund = Need + to be V3
Uses of passive:
1. When it is not necessary to mention the doer of the action as it is abvious who he is/was/will be: (we omitted by s.o)
The rubbish has been collected
Your hand will be X-rayed
2. When we don’t know, or don’t know exactly, or have forgotten who did the action:
My car has been moved
I’ve been told that ...
(We don’t know the doer of the action, so we omitted by s.o
3. When the subject of the active verb would be “People”:
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of ...)
4. When we are more interested in the action than the person who does it:
The house next door has been bought (by a Mr Jones)
5.
A: Have s.o do st.
P: Have st done by s.o
Nội dung bài học (Unit 16)
Sentences of the type People acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, feel, find, know, presume, report, say, think, understand... that he is .. have two possible passive form:
- It is acknowledged, assumed, believed, claimed, considered, estimated, felt, found, known, presumed, reported, said, thought, understood... that he is ...
- He is acknowledged, assumed, believed, claimed, considered, estimated, felt, found, known, presumed, reported, said, thought, understood... to be ...
Eg:
A: People said that he was jealous of her.
P: It was said that he ...
He was said that to be jealous of her.
When we thought concerns a previous action we use the perfect inf.A: People believed that he was in arm in 1945
P: It was believed that he was ...
He was believed to have been in arm in 1945
GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE
Revision:
Form:
Be + P.P
Eg:
Bị động của thì hiện tại đơn, quá khứ đơn và thì hoàn thành:
A: We keep the butter here
P: The butter is kept here.
A: They broke the window
P: The window was broken.
A: People have seen wolves in the streets.
P: Wolves have been seen in the streets.
Bị động của thì tiếp diễn:
A: They are repairing the bridge.
P: The bridge is being repaired.
A: They were carrying the injured player off the field.
P: The injured player was being carried off the field.
* Các hình thưc tiếp diễn khác hiếm khi được chuyển sang dạng bị động, vì thế những câu như:
They have/had been repairing the road và
They will/would be repairing the road không thường được viết dưới dạng bị động.
Auxiliary + inf combinations are made passive by using a passive inf:
A: You must/should shut these doors.
P: These doors must/should be shut.
A: They should/ought to have told him.
P: He should/ought to have been told.
Other inf combinations:
Like/love/want/wish ... + O + inf form their passive with the passive inf:
A: He wants someone to take photographs.
P: He wants photographs to be taken.
Command/request/advise/invite + indirect O + inf we form the passive by using the passive form of the main verb:
A: He invited me to go.
P: I was invited to go.
Advise/beg/order/recommend/urge +indirect O + inf + O we can form the passive in two ways: by making the main verb passive, as above, or by Advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + that ... + should + passive inf.
A: He urged the Council to reduce the rates.
P: The council was/were urged to reduce the rates
or He urged that the rates should be reduced.
Agree/be anxious/arrange/ be determined/ determine/ decide/demand + inf + O are usually expressed in the passive by that ... should, as above:
A: He decided to sell the house.
P: He decided that the house should be sold.
Gerund combinations:Advise/insist/proposr/recommend/suggest + gerund + O are usually expressed in the passive by that ... should, as above:
A: He recommended using bullet-proof glass.
P: He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used.
* Other gerund combinations are expressed in the passive by the passive gerund:
A: I remember them taking me to the zoo.
P: I remember being taken to the zoo.
* Need + Gerund = Need + to be V3
Uses of passive:
1. Khi không cần thiết đề cập đến tác nhân gây ra hành động:
The rubbish has been collected
Your hand will be X-rayed
2. Khi ta không biết hoặc không nhớ ai là người gây ra hành động đó:
My car has been moved
I’ve been told that ...
(We don’t know the doer of the action, so we omitted by s.o)
3. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là "People":
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of ...)
4. Khi ta quan tâm nhiều đến tác nhân gây ra hành động đó:
The house next door has been bought (by a Mr Jones)
5. Dạng cầu khiến:
A: Have s.o do st.
P: Have st done by s.o
Nội dung bài học (Unit 16)
Các câu thuộc dạng: People acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, estimate, feel, find, know, presume, report, say, think, understand... that he is .. có hai cách viết khi chuyển sang bị động:
- It is acknowledged, assumed, believed, claimed, considered, estimated, felt, found, known, presumed, reported, said, thought, understood... that he is ...
- He is acknowledged, assumed, believed, claimed, considered, estimated, felt, found, known, presumed, reported, said, thought, understood... to be ...
Eg:
A: People said that he was jealous of her.
P: It was said that he ...
He was said to be jealous of her.
Khi chúng ta nghĩ về một hành động nào đó xảy ra trước hành động nói, ta dùng to have pp:
A: People believed that he was in arm in 1945
P: It was believed that he was ...
He was believed to have been in arm in 1945
(Trong câu này, anh ta ở trong quân đội trước khi người ta nói về anh ta ==> dùng to have been)
* Đây là tổng hợp tất cả các bài tập đã được post lên trong thời gian qua, bọn tớ gộp cả lại vào 1 thread với mục đích tiện cho việc tra cứu khi cần thiết. Hi vọng giúp ích được cho các bạn! Chúc các bạn học tốt.
Thân
Mod
Unit 1: FRIENDSHIP
Exercise 1: Complete these sentences. Choose an appropriate verb. Sometimes more than one verb is possible.
hope, allow, want, do, promise, threaten, enter, appeal, need, become
1. We ... him to go to the party.
2. They ... the kittens to go to the good homes.
3. Did you ... the bed to be delivered or shall I collect it?
4. The police .. for his protectors to give him up.
5. She ... to visit the exhibition before it ended.
6. I ... to drive a car before the age of 18.
7. It was impossible .... his room. The door was locked.
8. His ambition is ... the richest man in the world.
9. He ... to stay away.
10. She promised never ... it again.
Exercise 2: There is at least one mistake in each sentence. Suggest appropriate correction.
1. The let me to borrow their car while thay were on holiday.
2. This card entitles to take an extra person with you free.
3. Hospital workers had to make them to do with a 1.5% pay increase this year.
4. Sam promised me to show me how to fish for salmon, but he never had the time.
5. For years the group has been campaining an inquiry to hold into the accident.
Exercise 3: Report these sentences using one of these verbs and a to-inf. Use each verb one only.
agree, encourage, invite, order, promise, refuse, volunteer, warn.
1. You cant borrow the car!
He ................................................
2. You really should continue the course.
He .................................................
3. I'll phone you soon.
He ................................................
4. Okie, I'll come with you.
He ................................................
5. Stop the car!.
He ...............................................
6. Would you like to go out for dinner?
He ...............................................
7. Don't go out without an umbrella.
He .............................................
8. I'll work late at the weeken.
He .............................................
Unit 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Ex1: Supply the correct tense for the verbs in brackets
We (1) have lived in our new house for several months. Since we (2) ... (move) in, we (3) ... (be) very busy. Everyone (4) ... (help) to get the house ready. So far we ... (decorate) the living room and the kitchen. Soon after we arrived, the central heating (6) ... (break) down, so we (7) ... (have) to spend a lot of money to repair it.
We (8) ... (like) gardening very much, but we (9) ... (not have) time to do anything to the garden yet. And it (10) ... (rain) very heavily recently, so we'll just wait until the weather gets better.
* Note: dùng tất cả các thì ^^
Ex2:
Thieves (1) ... (break) into the Van gogh Museum in Amsterdam, holland many times. The museum (2) ... (be) a treasure house of the artist vincent Van Gogh's paintings. His works (3) ... (sell) at record prices in recent years. A year ago a Japanese company (4) ... (buy) Van Gogh's Portrait of Doctor Gachet for US$ 82.5 million. His world famous "Sunflower" (5) ... (just sell) for skyrocketing price as well. Yet, during his short tragic life, the passionate and visionary artist only manage to sell one of his paitings.
The surprising prices paid for his works (6) ... (attract) art thieves. There (7) ... (be) four major thefts so far, twenty paintings, worth hundreds of million of dollars (8) ... (steal). Fortunately, they (9) ... (recover) from the thieves's getaway car. It seemed that the two thieves (10) ... (leave) their getaway car near a railway station on the eastern outskirts of Amsterdam.
Ex 3:
Dennis Heal (1) ... (be) a politican. He (2) ... (go) to Oxford University in 1975, and in 1982 he (3) ... (become) a Member of Parliament. He (4) ... (be) an MP since then. He (5) ... Defence Minister from 1989 - 1995. He (6) ... (write) three books, including his autobiography The Time of my life, and a spy story called The Time to run. He is married to the artist Edna Heal, and they have two children. They (7) ... (live) in Oxford for ten years, then (8) ...(move) to London in 1995. They now (9) ... (live) in a house in Cadogan Square in central London.
Bài nè dễ nhá
Ex4: Complete the text with a verb from the box in the correct tense.travel, say, meet, be (*2), ride, hunt, have, see
My grandfather (1) ... 96 years old, and he (1) ... a long and interesting life. He (2) ... a lot, especially in Asia. He (3) ... the Taj Mahal in India, and the Pyramids in Egypt. He (4) ... lions in Africa, and (5) ... a camel across the Sahara Desert. He (6) ... that the most beautiful place he (7) ... to is Katmandu in Nepal. He (8) ... many famous people in his lifetime, including the Dalai Lama and Mahatma Ghandi.
Ex 5:
1. My wife (buy) … a new TV set before I asked her not to do so.
2. They (complete) … the building by the end of this month.
3. I had just gone out when I (hear)… several knocks at the door.
4. Our uncle (work) … in that factory for twenty years now.
5. My elder bro is a struck driver. He (drive) … very carefully.
6. I (listen) … to the radio when you rang the bell.
----------
Mọi người làm bài chăm chỉ nhá
Unit 3: A PARTY
sau đây là bài tập (nghiêm túc làm bài nào)
Ex1: Complete the sentences with the correct form: gerund or infi, using the words in bracket.
1. Most passengers dislike … to sit in small, uncomfortable seats on long flights (have)
2. I must drive more carefully. I can’t risk … another speeding ticket (get)
3. Did Dick mean … Sue about the party, or did it slip out accidentally? (tell)
4. You must keep … on the computer until u understand how to use all of the programmes. (practise)
5. The Judge demanded … the origi nal document, not the photocopy. (see)
Ex2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive)
1.Some people seem (have) a passion for (write) to the newspapers.
2.It wouldn't be safe (start) down now ,we'll have (wait) till the mist clears.
3.He wore dark glasses (avoid)(be) recognized.
4.I can't help (sneeze) I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a drạught
5.He made me (repeat) his instructions (make) sure that I understood what I was (do) after he had gone.
Ex 3:
1. He didn’t concern himself ……………………… the details
a. in
b. on
c. with
d. by
2. The president is deeply concerned ………………… this issue
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. about
3. They were more concerned ………………… how the other women had dressed than in what the speaker was saying
a. with
b. in
c. on
d. at
4. He didn’t seem in the least concerned ………………………her safety
a. at
b. for
c. on
d. by
5. I’m counting ………………… you to help me
a. in
b. with
c. at
d. on
6. This decision is …………………… to upset a lot of people.
a. like
b. likely
c. likeliness
d. likeable
7. These workers are considered …………………… a high-risk group
a. like
b. as
c. by
d. with
8. Her eyes suddenly filled ……………………tears
a. like
b. as
c. by
d. with
9. To order, fill …………………… the coupon on p 54
a. in
b. out
c. at
d. A and B
10. The hole has been filled ……………………
a. in
b. out
c. at
d. with
Ex 4: Rewrite the following sentences
1. The film star wore dark glasses so that no one would recognize him
->The film star avoided
2. I felt that it had been a mistake to write the letter.
->I regretted ever
3. He had very sorry that he didn’t see Tim on her trip to London
->He greatly
4. It’s pointless to have that old typewriter repaired.
->That old typewriter is not
5. I was going to leave, but because of what she said, I didn’t.
->She persuaded
6. She didn’t thank us for our help when she left
->She left
7. We are hoping that the weather will improve next week
->We are hoping
8. Who has to lock the doors when the office closes?
-> Who is
9. We will not probably see each other again this week.
->It’s unlikely
10. We lost our way because the signposts were confusing .
->The signposts were confusing, which
Ex 5:
1. Clear all those papers ……………………… the desk
a. out
b. off
c. away
d. out of
2. She was presented with the gift in ……………………… for her long services.
a. attitude
b. latitude
c. attribute
d. gratitude
3. I owe you a great ……………………… of gratitude
a. debt
b. bearing
c. earning
d. carrying
4. He was badly ………………………… in the war and still bears the scars
a. hurt
b. injured
c. wounded
d. fallen
5. She overcame ………………………… to win the Olympic gold medal
a. injured
b. injuring
c. uninjuring
d. injury
6. A …………………… is an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage
a. misfortune
b. disaster
c. risk
d. bad luck
7. She was deeply ……………………… of her behavior at the party
a. shameful
b. shame
c. ashamed
d. shamed
8. Many local people object ………………………… the building of the new airport
a. at
b. to
c. by
d. with
9. The villages had been ………………………………
a. desert
b. deserting
c. deserted
d. emptiness
10. Nam paints pictures , but he doesn’t make his ………………… that way. He works in a big store.
a. live
b. life
c. lively
d. living
Unit 4: VOLUNTEER WORK
Một số bài tập về phần “ the gerund” nè.
Ex 1: Rewrite all the following sentences, using the gerund. A little simplification/re-writing may be needed.
01. Do you mind if I smoke?
02. Did she insist that you stop?
03. Why don't you admit that you took it?
04. Do you mean to say that you deny you took the book?
05. Have you considered the fact that you ought to work harder?
06. Will they mind if I call on them?
07. They won't like you to be late, will they?
08. Do they allow you to smoke in the theatre?
09. The students denied that they had played the practical joke.
10. Would you mind if I opened the window?
11. They have put off the game until tomorrow. (use "postpone")
12. He said that he couldn't stand the way she sang.
13. I don't care for the fact that she sings.
14. Why should he object to the fact that I sing?
Các bạn làm bài chăm chỉ nhé
Ex 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng Perfect Gerund hoặc Perfect Participle
Thử phân biệt xem câu nào là Perfect Gerund & câu nào là Perfect Participle:
1. I object to him (make) private calls on the office phone.
2. (Be) his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.
3. The children admitted (take) the money.
4. (Read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.
TEST 1
I. Multiple choice.
1. Her …… to Sales Manager took everyine by surprise.
A. performance
B. employment
C. promotion
D. position
2. I had no … in making myself understood.
A. difficulty
B. difficulties
C. problem
D. mess
3. We’ve run into … with new project.
A. difficulty
B. difficulties
C. trouble
D. A & B
4. The bank is now … difficulties.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. off
5. No … journalist would ever work for that newspaper.
A. self-respect
B. self-respecting
C. self-confident
D. selfish.
6. … is the reason why you do something or behaves in a particular way
A. Acquisition
B. Motivation
C. Inspiration
D. Impression
7. The plan is designed to … emplyees to work more efficiently.
A. call
B. ask
C. oblige
D. motivate
8. Carefully … the photograph on the page and stick it in place.
A. focus
B. centre
C. point
D. aim
9. Discussions were centred … developments in Eastern Europe.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. over
10. State occasions always centred … the king.
A. to
B. around
C. beside
D. at
11. I decided to concentrate all my efforts … finding somewhere to live.
A. to
B. at
C. in
D. on
12. Money received … respect … overtime worked will be given to those workers.
A. of – of
B. in – about
C. of – in
D. in – of
13. We had a fight … money
A. about
B. over
C. to
D. A & B.
14. There were no signs of a … at the murder scene.
A. move
B. struggle
C. fight
D. B & C
15. There has been some … in military spending this year.
A. decrease
B. reduction
C. cut
D. All are correct.
II. Prep
1. Are you interested … politics?
2. Dick apologized … not sending us a thank you letter.
3. I believe … government support for public transport services.
4. Water consists … by H2 and N2.
5. Would you like to borrow a pen … me?
6. For the last time – Will you listen … me?
7. Everyone knows that women are equal … men.
8. Would you like wine or beer … meal?
9. We agree … you the nee to improve public transport services.
10. We would like to congratulate you … getting the promotion
11. Will you be available … the interview … 9 o’clock tomorrow?
12. What time we get there will depend … how bad the traffic is.
III. Fill-Gap.
1. We need some sunshine, so we have … up our minds to go abroad this year.
2. You can look … the phone number in the directory.
3. She cleans her room once a week, and the job … her 2 hours.
4. His … caused great disappointment to his parents.
5. Do you know … to use a P.C?
6. You must always … us the truth.
7. Petrol in this country is so expensive … we use public transport as much as possible.
8. She is leaving her husband because she cant put … with his bad tem-per any longer.
9. Electricity, like other forms of … , has greatly increased in price.
10. Traveling to Paris … air is quicker than driving.
IV. Rewrite:
0. She did not buy the car because it was too expensive. (if)
She would have bought the car if it had not been so expensive.
1. Luisa was the only one who didn’t enjoy the film. (apart)
………………………………………………………………
2. They are going to demolish that old power station. (pulled)
………………………………………………………………
3. My sister began to learn English five years ago (learning)
……………………………………………………………….
4. “Do not answer the phone, Alex!” said Mrs. Tonk (not)
………………………………………………………………
5. The trip to Chicago was cheaper than I had expected. (as)
……………………………………………………………..
6. My watch was so badly damaged that it wasn’t worth keeping. (point)
………………………………………………………………
7. I expect you were exhausted after your long journey. (been)
………………………………………………………………………
8. It was unfair that the gymnast was given such low marks. (deserve)
……………………………………………………………………..
9. This bottle is completely empty. (left)
……………………………………………………………
10. My uncle didn’t learn to drive until he was forty. (when)
…………………………………………………………..
V. Reading.
1. It’s the nature of athletic records that they are broken and their place is taken by others. Yet in many sports (0) events, there is a mark which is not (1) … in itself, but which becomes a legend as athletes (2) … to break it. The most (3) … of these is the attempt to run the mile in (4) … than four minutes.
In 1945, the mile record was (5) … to 4 minutes, 1.5 seconds. And there, for nine years, it stuck. Then, in 1954, a madicel student (6) … Roger Bannister decided to try anh break the record. He had been (7) … for this day since running the mile in 4 minutes, 2 seconds the (8) … year. Two other runners set the pace for him, and (9) … 250 yards to go be burst ahead for the finish. He wrote (10) … : “my body had exhausted all its energy, but it (11) … on running just the same. Those (12) … few seconds seemed never-ending. I could see the line of the finish tape. I jumped like a man making a desperate attempt to save himself from danger…”
Bannister’s time was 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds. (13) … this record has been broken on many (14) … since, Bannister’s achivement will never be forgotten.
1. A. considerable – B. major – C. significant – D. central
2. A. try – B. try on – C. try out – D. try for
3. A. known – B. public – C. noticeable – D. famous
4. A. smaller – B. less – C. lower – D. under
5. A. broke down – B. lessened – C. brought down – D. decreased
6. A. entitled – B. called – C. nicknamed – D. known
7. A. trying – B. studying – C. running – D. training
8. A. early – B. previous – C. past – D. former
9. A. on – B. in – C. with – D. by
10. A. afterwards – B. then – C. next – D. after
11. A. went – B. continued – C. ran – D. got
12. A. last – B. late – C. latest – D. later
13. A. But – B. In spite of – C. However – D. Although
14. A. times – B. events – C. occasions – D. incidents
2. Read the text below, and fill in each with only ONE suitable word.
Most of us are interested in one of kinds sport or another, even if we don’t go in (1) … it actively. Lots of people take up a particular (2)… at an early age, for example tennis, skiing, or ice-skating. If they get up to a suitably high standard, they may take part in local (3) … or even (4) … . But special traning is hard work and most young people don’t (4) … it up. Many of them drop (5) … when come up (6) … tough competition.
To become a professional in any sport, you have to go through with a (7) … traning schedule. And it’s not easy!. It means doing (8) … some of life’s little pleasures, too. For example, to build (9) …
Your physical strength you may have to stick to a special diet and (10) … up some of your favourite foods. Smoking and ancohol are out, and to keep fit you have to work out regularly every day.
Sometimes it all pays off, but the road to success is long and there are o guarantees. No wonder that countless young talents decide to settle (11) … a regular job instead, and, as far as professional sport is concerned, prefer to (12) … on as spectators.
__________________
THE NIGHTMARE OF POPULATION GROWTH
One of the most (1)……proplems facing us now is the need to control population growth so that people in the twenty-first century stand a chance of survival. Althought the birth rate in developed countries has falle, it (2)…… to rise in poorer countries as a result of better medical care. It is hard to understand the phenomenal growth in population that has (3)…… place this century. Around the first century A.D there (4)……probably between 250 and 350 million people in the world. Sixteen century later, the number had risen to only 500 million.(5) ……, for more than three quarters of time between Christ and the present day, world population (6)……rose.
Then, slowly, the rise began. By 1900 it was 1.500 million. Now it iss 4.700 million. The increase in the past 65 years- less than the average life-time of an English person today – has equalled the entire increase in the previous 100.000 years of human existence.(7) ……, the rare of increase, now close to twenty percent a decade, is still shooting up. According to United Nations estimetes, the population of the world will have risen to (8)……6.000 million by the end of the century. While the rare of insrease is only seven percent a decade in Western Europe, in many developing countries it is (9)……twenty-five and thirty percent. Obviously, population control will be one of the biggest proplems facing the twenty-first century. Despite all the(10) …… signs, too little is being done too late.
1. a.necessary b.urgent c.great d.big
2. a.keeps b.countries c.goes on d. keeps on
3. a.taken b.hold c. got d. kept
4. a.could b.would c.were d.had
5. a.Therefore b.That’s why c.Nevertheless d.Moreover
6 .a.not b.nor c.neither d.hardly
7. a.Addition b.As well c.Therefore d. What is more
8. a. above b. more c.over d.than
9. a.about b.within c.between d.from
10. a.informing b.warning c.cautious d.forbidden
lz_zl :7/10 (sai 1,2,7)
nhocngoc :7/10 (sai 2,5,7)
nhuthao :7/10 (sai 2,5,7)
nhoccon :6/10 (sai 2,3,5,7)
trang :7/10 (sai 1,2,5)
Unit 5: ILLITERACY
Ex 1:
1. They are …………… to save the area from building development
A. grouping
B. teaming
C. campaigning
D. moving
2. The company must reduce costs to complete ………………
A. effect
B. affect
C. effective
D. effectively
3. We are determined to ……………… racism from our sport.
A. eradicate
B. erase
C. remove
D. sweep
4. I respect Jack’s opinion ………………… most subjects
A. in
B. of
C. on
D. by
5. Everybody has a right to be treated …………………… respect
A. with
B.of
C. in
D. at
6. Money received …………………… respect ………………………… overtime worked will be given to those workers
A. of – of
B. in – about
C. of – in
D. in – of
7. He struggled …………………… cancer for two years
A. against
B. over
C. off
D. to
8. In the early 20th century Vietnam was a country struggling …………………… independence
A. against
B. to
C. for
D. of
9. We had a fight ………………… money
A. about
B. over
C. to
D. A and B
10. This species of bird is decreasing in ……………………… every year.
A. number
B. numbers
C. amount
D. amounts
11. There had been some ………………………… in military spending this year
A. decrease
B. reduction
C. cut
D. all are correct
12. There were no signs of a …………………… at the murder scence.
A. move
B. struggle
C. fight
D. B and C
13. It was a real ……………………… to be ready on time
A. struggle
B. effort
C. trial
D. A and B
14. James was hit in the mouth as he struggled ……………………… the raiders
A. against
B. with
C. over
D. to
15. Carefully ………………………… the photograph on the page and stick it in place.
A. focus
B. center
C. point
D. aim
Ex 2: Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition
1. I bebieve …………………government support for public transport services
2. Water consists ……………… hydrogen and oxygen
3. Everyone knows that women are equal ………………men
4. Will you be available ………….the interview at 9:30 tomorrow
5. Would you like wine or beer ………the meal
6. She is leaving her husband because she can’t put ……. With his bad temper any longer
7. Traveling to Paris ………..air is quicker than driving
8. The doctor advised him to stop smoking and to take ………. some sports
9. We must struggle ………….corruption within the party
10. What time we get there will depend ……………how bad the traffic is.
Ex 3:
1. He didn’t concern himself ……………………… the details
a. in
b. on
c. with
d. by
2. The president is deeply concerned ………………… this issue
a. in
b. on
c. at
d. about
3. They were more concerned ………………… how the other women had dressed than in what the speaker was saying
a. with
b. in
c. on
d. at
4. He didn’t seem in the least concerned ………………………her safety
a. at
b. for
c. on
d. by
5. I’m counting ………………… you to help me
a. in
b. with
c. at
d. on
6. This decision is …………………… to upset a lot of people.
a. like
b. likely
c. likeliness
d. likeable
7. These workers are considered …………………… a high-risk group
a. like
b. as
c. by
d. with
8. Her eyes suddenly filled ……………………tears
a. like
b. as
c. by
d. with
9. To order, fill …………………… the coupon on p 54
a. in
b. out
c. at
d. A and B
10. The hole has been filled ……………………
a. in
b. out
c. at
d. with
Ex 4: Rewrite the following sentences
1. Ballet doesn’t interest Mary .
-> Mary
2. Visitors to the zoo are not allowed to feed the animals
-> The animals
3. John has not been to London before.
-> It
4. “I’ll see you later, Anne” he said
-> He told
5. There were more students in school in 1992 than in 1991
-> There were not
6. When I was in the department store, someone thought I was a shop assistant.
-> When I was in the department
7. I wonder how she learnt to speak E so well
-> I would
8. Although he can not swim himself, Dan is very keen that his children should learn.
-> Despite
9. I am totally convinced that our team will win
-> In my opinion, there
10. It’s a good thing you wrote the letter or we would not have known what happened.
-> We wouldn’t have known what happened
Ex 5: Make sentences based on the given words
Dear Mr.Jones,
1. I / write / you / three / time / last two months
2. Also / try / telephone / several times.
3. Each time / find / impossible / get / through / you.
4. Afraid / find / attitude / unacceptable.
5. I / feel / this / go on / long enough.
6. Now time / find / solution / the problem.
7. I / therefore / decide / write / this / last letter.
8. If / no reply / end / this week / you / hear / my lawyers.
Your sincerely,
Mr.Brown
Ex 6: Reported the sentences:
1. Joe said, "Please come to my party".
2. My teacher said, "I think you should take another English course".
3. Mrs. Brown said, "You may use the phone".
4. The doctor said, "Take a deep breath"
5. My mother said, "Make an appointment with the dentist"
6. "If I were you, I'd go to the doctor's". he said to me.
7. "Could you possibly do me a favor?" She asked Tom
8. "Dont forget to post the letter", my wife said to me.
9. "Please, please dont tell my father" she said to me.
10. "I think you should sell your shares" his accountant said to Bill.
Unit 6: COMPETITIONS
Vocabulary and structure
Ex 1: Choose the best answer
1. The ……......of the poetry competition will be known today.
A decision B result C effect D choice
2. My secretary was ……. To have typed those letters already .
A asked B odered C requested D supposed
3 .Acording ….. the map we shuold take the next turning on the lelf.
A to B as C on D by
4. she will………… getting up early and playing her radio very loud.
A insist on B Demand C reqire D hope
5. I hope we will able to avoid ……….anyone .
A disappoint B disappointed C disappointing D disappointment
6. How many cuontries will be ………. in the Olympics Game?
A attending B participating C taking place D entering
7. The instrutor warned the students ………….sailing alone on the lake.
A not B about C from D out of
8. He suggested…………..a jumpble sale to try and raise the money for the scouts.
A holding B me to hold C me that I held Dto be help
9. The manager ……..the men to return to work immediaterly.
A insisted B suggested C demanded D ordered
10.She ………..him of stealing her ring.
A threatened B blamed C accused D criticised
11. This ………..is completely independent of any political affiliation.
A organise B organising C organisation D organised
12. Her mother prevented her ……………….going uot to night.Take a short vacation.
A against B from C about D at
13. Jim, why don’t you take some time off? You ……..too hard lately.
A work B have been wrking C worked D were working
14 .Jean should seriously consider………… an actress. She is a very talented performer.
A becoming B to become C become D will become
15. I finally finished …..at 7.00 p.m and severd dinner.
A cooking B to cook C being cooked D to be cooked
Ex 2: Find the mistakes:
1. You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job.
2. I decided changing jobs because my boss makes me work overtime.
3. Most students approciate their principal’s try to improve school conditions
4. I suceeded to find a job, so my prents didn’t make me go to college
5. Get more axercise appears to be the best way to lose weight.
Reading
Ex 3: Choose the best answer :
GOING ON A GAME SHOW
One of my aunt Jean’s biggest dreams became a(1)…………………last week. She had always wanted to be a contestant on a game show(2)……… …. Money for nothing because she says the presenter is very handsome. With more than five million (3)……………….. a week, it is also the most (4) …………….game show on television. She (5) ……...to be on this show and was (6)…….…….She was very excited and,( 7) …..….. the big day came, she went to the television studios very early and she met the producer of the show . When the show came on TV, I (8)……….. imagine her feelings about being there, (9)………… at home we were all anxiuos. She ditn’t look at all nervous and (10)……......the end she won $10.000 and a car !
1. A thing B reality C practice D belief
2. A known B called C regarded D defined
3. A viewers B witnesses C onlookers D obsevers
4. A general B favorite C ordinary D popular
5. A demanded B insisted C applied D asked
6. A approved B complimeted C accepted D recived
7.A when B while C which D the time
8.A couldn’t B might not C wouldn’t D may not
9.A in fact B indeed C however D but
10.A at B in C by D on
Ex 4: Choose the best answer :
If you plan your visit in October, don’t miss the Harvest Festival. The festival offers a variety of activities for all age groups and interests. Children will enjoy listening to the traditional stories and learning folk dances. Adults will enjoy the antique show and the crafts fair. Other attractions include a celebration of musical heritage and demonstrations of traditional skills such as candle making, butter churning , and bee keeping. The festival is held at the County Fairgrounds, ten miles outside of town on Highway 64 West. Space is available for you to park your car at the festival at no extra charge. The admission fee of $2 for adults and $1 for children is donated to the Preserve Our History Fund.
1. What dose this notice describe ?
A. A lecture B. A festival C. A school D . A parade
2. What acticity is available for children?
A. dancing B. painting C. ball playing D. Singing
3. Which of the following activities isn’t mentioned in the notice?
A. butter churing and bee keeping B. candle making
C. cooking D. dancing
4. How does the advertisement assume that people get to the fairgruonds?
A. walk B. drive a car C. take the subway D. Fly
5. What happens to the admission fee?
A. It is used to rent the fairgrounds
B. It pays the performers.
C.It pays for supplies
D. It is donated to charity.
Ex 5: Rewrite the sentences using the given verbs
1. “Me? no, I didn’t take Sue camera” Bob said. (deny)
2. “ I’m not sorry I couldn’t come on Sunday.” David said. ( apologise)
3. “ Congratulations on getting engaged, Sue.” Harry said. (congratulate)
4. “You are not allowed to smok in your room, Dick.” Dick’s mother said. (forbid)
5. “No, I really don’t want to stay the night, Sopia.” Ann said (insit)
6. “Why don’t we go back to Singapore?” I said. (suggest)
7. “Make sure you don’t take the A20, Tim.” said Jack (warn)
8. “No, It’s not true. I didn’t cheat in the exam.” said Tom (deny)
9. “ Allright, It’s true. lost my temper.” The teacher said
10. “You stole Tim’s watch, didn’t you, John?” said Tim’s mother. (accuse)
Ex 6: Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.
1. Frank advised me___________bob anything.
A. not lend B. to not lend C. not to lend D. don't lend
2. The principal congratulated the school team ____________ the final match.
A. for winning B. to win C. that won D. on winning
3. The police asked him __________he had been at home during that night.
A.where B. if C. who D.that
4. When I told Maria about our trip, she said that she _________us
A. cant join B joins C.has Joined D would join
5. At last, the man admitted_____my car
A. having destroyed B. to have destroyed
C. that he has destroyed D. that had destroyed
6. Patrick________ renting a caravan for our trip.
A. decided B.expected C. suggested D advised
7. You cant not deny_my laptop by accident.
A. to break B.broke C. breaking D. had broken
8. Sue asked me why__ informed her of the date of the meeting.
A. I didn't B. I hadn't C. didn't I D. hadn't I
9. "What about________ a picnic this weekend?" Sheila said
A. having B. we have C. to have D. we'll have
10. Do you know__________?
A. where is the station B. where the station is
C.the station is where D. is where the station
Multiple choice
Ex 7:
1 ………………………is required in order to achieve these aims.
A. groupwork
B. pairwork
C. teamwork
D. classwork
2. They’re ………………………at training everybody by the end of the year.
A. pointing
B. aiming
C. trying
D. succeeding
3. The gunman took …………………………and fired.
A. link
B. focus
C. concentration
D. aim
4. A meeting is a sports ……………………………or set of races, especially for horses.
A. event
B. occasion
C. position
D. fact
5. He ………………………… 10.09 seconds in the 100 metters final.
A. set
B. clock
C. clocked
D. gained
6. They were bitterly ……………………at the result of game.
A. disappoint
B. disappointed
C. disappointing
D. disappointedly
7. It is very disappointed with ………………………
A. me
B. myself
C. mine
D. my own
8. …………………………diplomatic relations between two countries wrer re-established in December
A. Informal
B. Official
C. Formal
D. B and C.
9. ………………………knowledge is knowledge of fact about a lot of different subjects.
A. General
B. Whole
C. Ordinary
D. All are correct.
10. A ……………………………is a long running rare of about 42 kilometers or 26 miles
A. long race
B. mini-marathon
C. marathon
D. B and C
11. …………………………is the sound that is made by something repeatedly hitting a surface quickly and lightly.
A. Hitting
B. Pat
C. Patting
D. Patter
12. I heard her feet ……………………along the corridor.
A. hitting
B. pattering
C. jumping
D. knocking
13. A…………………… is a person who has been chosen to speak or vote on behalf of a group or a person who works for a company and travels around selling its products.
A. member
B. representative
C. represent
D. leader
14. The painting is not …………………of his work of the period.
A. representative
B. represented
C. representing
D. reprisent
15. …………………………is a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal,ect.
A. Arts
B. Masterpiece
C. Works
D. Sculpture
tiếp tục làm bài chứ nhỉ...........
Ex 8:
Tiếp theo 10 câu nữa nha
16. We are ……………… competition ……………… four other companies for the contract.
A. in – of
B. in – with
C. at – with
D. at – of
17. We need to work harder to remain ………………………with other companies.
A. competed
B. competitive
C. compatibly
D. competition
18. A ……………………… is a competition in which people try to win something.
A. test
B. examination
C. contest
D. survey
19. We encourage students to …………………… fully in the running of the college.
A. participate
B. emerge
C. go
D. enter
20. Go and apologize ……………………… her.
A. about
B. to
C. with
D. at
21. We apoloize ………………… the late departure of this flight
A. about
B. to
C. of
D. for
22. To ……………………… is to pay the costs of a particular event , program,etc… as a way of advertising or to agree to give somebody money for a charity if they complete a particular task
A. stimulate
B. donate
C. sponsor
D. help
23. Her ………………… language is Korean
A. native
B. national
C. international
D. mother
24. We insisted ………………… a refund of the full amount
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. to
25. The team which ………………… more goals win the match.
A. shoots
B. scores
C. blows
D. kicks
Ex 9:
The Quiz Show
My best friend Jenny (1)…………………… on a television quiz show a few nights ago. It was very exciting. We all knew that she (2) …………………… be on, so all our friends met at her parents’ house to watch it. Her parents videoed it too, of course. The programme (3) …………………… at half past seven. We screamed and clapped when we saw Jenny. She looked great. She had (4) ………………… her hair done, and was wearing the new top she had bought the day before. She sat in the chair in the middle of the studio while the (5) …………………… asked her some questions. The questions got harder and harder as they increased in (6)………………………… If she didn’t make any mistakes and got the most difficult question right, she would (7)……………………………… a million pounds. By this time, Jenny had won a thousand pounds. That definitely hers,(8) ……………………… happened. She answer the next question correctly, which was (9)……………………… five thousand pounds. I didn’t know the answer, but she did know! Then, with the next question, she (10) …………………… a risk but got the answer wrong. She was gone out of the game. Still, she had her thousand pounds, and we were very pround of her.
1. a. appeared b. turned c. presented d.participated
2. a. might b. should c. would d.could
3. a.set b.stared c.arose d.rose
4. a. got b. had c. asked d.made
5. a.presenter b.leader c.producer d.director
6. a. value b.cost c.award d.difficulty
7. a. get b.take c.make d.win
8. a.how b.howerver c.what d.whatever
9. a.cost b. worthy c.worth d.worthwhile
10. a.got b. took c.made d.had
Unit 7: WORLD POPULATION
Mở màn là một bài đọc hiểu
Ex 1:
THE NIGHTMARE OF POPULATION GROWTH
One of the most (1)……proplems facing us now is the need to control population growth so that people in the twenty-first century stand a chance of survival. Althought the birth rate in developed countries has falle, it (2)…… to rise in poorer countries as a result of better medical care. It is hard to understand the phenomenal growth in population that has (3)…… place this century. Around the first century A.D there (4)……probably between 250 and 350 million people in the world. Sixteen century later, the number had risen to only 500 million.(5) ……, for more than three quarters of time between Christ and the present day, world population (6)……rose.
Then, slowly, the rise began. By 1900 it was 1.500 million. Now it iss 4.700 million. The increase in the past 65 years- less than the average life-time of an English person today – has equalled the entire increase in the previous 100.000 years of human existence.(7) ……, the rare of increase, now close to twenty percent a decade, is still shooting up. According to United Nations estimetes, the population of the world will have risen to (8)……6.000 million by the end of the century. While the rare of insrease is only seven percent a decade in Western Europe, in many developing countries it is (9)……twenty-five and thirty percent. Obviously, population control will be one of the biggest proplems facing the twenty-first century. Despite all the(10) …… signs, too little is being done too late.
1. a.necessary b.urgent c.great d.big
2. a.keeps b.countries c.goes on d. keeps on
3. a.taken b.hold c. got d. kept
4. a.could b.would c.were d.had
5. a.Therefore b.That’s why c.Nevertheless d.Moreover
6 .a.not b.nor c.neither d.hardly
7. a.Addition b.As well c.Therefore d. What is more
8. a. above b. more c.over d.than
9. a.about b.within c.between d.from
10. a.informing b.warning c.cautious d.forbidden
* Ex 2:
The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other ages of history combined. World population totaled about 500 million in 1650. It doubled in the period from 1650-1850. Today the population is more than six billion . Estimates based on research by the United Nations indicate that it will increase rapidly in the next 25 years,reaching 7 billion in the year 2030.
1. By 1850, approximately what was the world population?
a. 500 million
b. One billion
c. Three billion
d. Seven billion
2. World population doubled in the years between
a. 500-1650
b. 1650-1850
c. 1650-today
d. 1850-2030
3. According to the passage, by the year 2030 the earth’s population should exceed the present figure by
a. 500 million
b. One billion
c. Four billion
d. Seven billion
4. In the text, the world ‘totaled’ most nearly means
a. Amounted to
b. Counted about
c. Estimated
d. Guessed
5. The word ‘indicate’ in the text most nearly means
a. show
b. point
c. come to
d. approximate
Ex 3: Use the given information to make conditional sentences :
1. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so quickly.
If the driver in front ………………………………………………………………
2. I didn’t wake Tim because I didn’t know he want ti get up early.
If I ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money.
If Jim ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. It’s good that Ann reminded me about Tom’s birthday.
If Ann hadn’t …………………………………………………………………………
5. You’re hungry now because you didn’t have breakfast.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Without this treatment , the patient would have died.
If he …………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Fred wouldn’t do that if he didn’t have your promission.
Unless …………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We stayed up late all night, and that’s why we are so tired now.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. She hasn’t studied E before – that’s why she’s in an introductory class.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Because I lost my key, I had to pound on the door to wake my roommate when I got home last night.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex 4: Rewrite sentences:
1. I havent seen my brother since he left for Australia.
The last ...
2. The price of the hiliday includes the cost of insuarence.
The cost of insuarence ...
3. 'If you want to take my car, you should have asked me first' said Tom to his son.
Tom criticized his son for ...
4. You ought to get your bicycle brakes repaired immediately.
You ...
5. Sarah is not usually late.
It is ...
Ex 5: Fill in each gap with only one suitable word
1. Never …………..off until tomorrow what you can do today
2. He is known ………..a man ………. Keeps his word
3. The little girl promised that she would not ………..a lie again
4. Not only ………..he forget his passport, but he forgot his money as well.
5. The whole trip ……..only 15’
6. He had no ……….left the house than it began to rain .
7. What is the weather ……….. there?
8. People ……….. to ride ……. horseback but now they use car.
9. The Earth on ……… we live is constantly moving
10. He is so far ahead of you, you never keep ……….with him
Unit 8: CELEBRATIONS
BÀI TẬP 1:
1. I asked if _________wanted an ice-scream.
A. Anyone
B. Someone
C. Everyone
D. No one
2. "Did anyone phone me when I was out ? ". " _________"
A. Anyone
B. Someone
C. Everyone
D. No one
3. " Who was at the party ? " "________ : Peter ,Anne ,Mark,Barry and Tom "
A. Anyone
B. Someone
C. Everyone
D. No one
4. I felt so embarrassed .I was sure that ________was looking at me .
A. Anyone
B. Someone
C. Everyone
D. No one
5. If you are busy making dinner ,I'll go with ________else.
A. Anyone
B. Someone
C. Everyone
D. No one
6. Hardly________turned up to the meeting.
A. Anyone
B. Someone
C. Everyone
D. No one
Mại vô ! mại vô ! làm đúng có thưởng
Mời các bạn làm tiếp bài tập 2 nhé
BÀI TẬP 2 :
1. When I arrived ,I didn’t see_________ there
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
2.______ had gone home.
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
3. I am looking for _______ who can help me out of the trouble
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
4. She is so kind that _____ wants to be her friend.
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
5. Does ______ know where he is ?
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
6.He wasn’t noticed by ________ as he crept off the boat.
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
7. I doubt whether _______ could read your letter ; your handwriting is really terrible .
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
8.Did _______ happened ? _ No ,nothing happened .
a) nothing
b) anything
c) any
d) a thing
9. I always bet to work before _____ else .
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
10.There is ______ outside the house .I hear some strange voices
a) anyone
b) no one
c ) everyone
d) someone
BÀI TẬP 3
Điền ONE hoặc ONES vào chổ trống
1. Put these large boxes here ,and those small _______ over there.
2. "Which of the two girls is your sister ? " - She 's the _____ with the dark hair.
3. There are two films on TV this morning .Which _____ would you prefer ?
4. My new glasses are much stronger than my old ____.
5. " Would you like a drink ? "-" Oh ,yes ,please ,I 'love ______."
6. The best road to the airport is the ______ on the right .
7. Tom likes these brown shoes more than those black ___.
8. They have three children .Each ______ goes a different school .
9. Those chairs are too expensive for me .Can you show me some cheaper____?
10. They are building new houses on this street . The old ______ have been pulled down.
KỲ này thưởng lớn đấy nhé !
Làm thêm vài bài nữa nha
Ex 4: Complete the sentences with some - any + one - thing - where.
1. I was too surprised to say ...
2. There's ... at the door. Can u go and see who is it?
3. Does ... mind if I open the window?
4. I was not feeling hungry, so I didnt eat ...
5. You must be hungry. Would u like ... to eat ?
6. Quick, let's go! There's ... coming and I dont want ... to see us.
7. Sally was upset about ... and refused to talk to ...
8. This machine is very easy to use ... can learn to use it in a very short time.
9. There was hardly ... on the beach. It was almost deserted.
10. "Do you live ... near jim?" - "no, he lives in another part of town".
Ex 5: Supply the correct form of the word in bold.1. He prides himself on the ... of the company (long)
2. The evening passed ... . (enjoy)
3. The rules are there to ensure everyone' safety and ... (enjoy).
4. I'll resign if you continue to ... everything I say (regard)
5. She is very effective and ... polite to the customers. (fail).
6. Don't depend on him, he is a very ... person. (rely)
7. It is said that ... of a Swiss watch is perfect. (precise)
8. He works for UNESCO in purely ... role. (advice)
9. As a result of her ... , Ethel has strong sense of the disfference between right and wrong. (bring)
10. Tom spoke ... because he was so excited. (breath)
Ex 6: Fill each blank with the correct form of the word given:
1. The price of the book is $8, including ______ and packing. POST
2. His health was seriously affected, and he suffered from constant __________. SLEEP
3. There's a ______that Tom will succeed. LIKELY
4. The invention of the computer is the greatest _______of the 20th century. BREAK
5. If our business doesn't improve, there's a chance of ________. BANKRUPT
6. We eat in cafés restaurants to the ___________ of taped music. ACCOMPANY
7. An aeroplane has to ovrecome the ________. RESIST
8. I like your latest ________ for y9our stamp collection. ACQUIRE
9. The strike was caused by the _________of two workers. DISMISS
10. My old friend has changed beyond _________. RECOGNIZE
Unit 9: POST OFFICE
Thôi, mình típ tục làm bài tập nha
Ex 1:
A. READING.
SingPost is Singapore's only postal company, providing local and international postal services. It currently (0.) ... over 60 post offices about 200 Sefl-service Automated Machines (SAMs), over 800 postboxes, as well as (1) ... its service via about 80 authorised postal (2) ... and over 600 stamp vendors in the country.
SingPost has three main operational divisions, (3) .. the Mail Division, (4) ... handles the bulk of day-to-day mail delivery locally and (5) ... bound for international destinations. The Logistics Division (6) ... door-to-door distribution services, the SpeedPost services, as well as (7) ... supporting services such as warehousing and stoge of goods to be (8) ... . Finally, the Retail Division takes (9) ... of front-line postal services through the (10) ... post offices as well as external vendors, plus managing the vPOST (virtual post) internet portal service.
0. A. controls --- B. goes --- C. does --- D. limits.
1. A. extending --- B. growing --- C. enlarging --- D. accommodating.
2. A. shops --- B. places --- C. agencies --- D. houses.
3. A. really --- B. namely --- C. respectively --- D. formerly.
4. A. that --- B. who --- C. which --- D. what
5. A. this --- B. that --- C. these --- D. those.
6. A. processes --- B. deals --- C. takes --- D. handles.
7. A. other --- B. others --- C. another --- D. one.
8. A. given --- B. delivered --- C. handed --- D. picked.
9. A. place --- B. through ---C. charge --- D. on
10. A. various --- B. rich --- C. many --- D. much.
Ex 2:
B. VOCABULARY:
I. Form word:
1. Information must be stored so that it is ... from accidental deletion. (Secure)
2. Which journals does the library ... ? (Subscription)
3. How can I ... money from my bank account to hers? (Transfers)
4. We couldnt get the ... machine because it was so expensive. (Facsimile)
5. The ceremony was ... live satellite to over fifty countries. (Transmit)
II. Supply the word which has the meaning provided.
0. All the workers employed in an organization considered asa group: .staff..
1. A person who recieve something: ....
2. Safe: ...
3. Pay money, normally once a year, to recieve regular copies of a newspaper, magazine, ect..: .....
4. Something is wrapped in paper or put into a thick envelope so that it can be sent by mail, carried easily or given as present: .......
5. Polite, especially in a way that shows respect: ...
thêm bài nữa mọi người làm luôn một lần nha
Ex 3:
Read the passage below and decide which answer (A,B,C,D) that best fits each gap
Can you image what life would be like if there were no telephone? You could not call (1) ……………………… your friends on the phone and talk to them. If fire(2) ……………………… out in your house you could not call the fire department. If somebody was sick, you could not call a doctor.
In our daily life we need to (3) ……………………… with one another. We need do this mostly by speaking to other people and listening to (4) ……………………… they have to say to us, and when you are close (5)………………… them you can do this easily. However, our voices will not travel very far even when we shout.
The man who (6)……………………… this possible was A.G Bell, a scotsman, born in Edinburgh in 1847. Bell, a teacher of visible speech who later moved to Cananda,(7)………………… all his spare time experimenting. (8) …………………………… enthusiastic was he in his research for a means of sending speech (9) ………………………… electricity that he left much time for hic day-to-day work and at one time was (10) …………………… penniless
1. A.on B.up C.for D.in
2. A.burst B.broke C.went D.got
3. A.communicate B.contact C.address D.tell
4. A.that B.this C.what D.which
5. A.from B.out C.to D.on
6. A.made B.had C.did D.bruoght
7. A.took B.wasted C.cost D.spent
8. A.Such B.Very C.Too D. So
9. A.with B.in C.by D.on
10. A.almost B.hardly C.most D.never
Ex 4: Reduce relative clause
1. Besure to follow the instruction that are given at the top of the page.
=>Besure to follow .................................................. ...............
2. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter classroom.
=>Students .................................................. ..............................
3. John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say
=>John,........................................... .........................................
4.Any student who doesn't want to go on the trip should inform the office
=>Any student........................................... ..................
5. The winner of the marathon who was breathing deeply and smiling at the crout, raised her right hand and waved
=>The winner of the marathom.......................................... ......
Ex 6:Supply the correct form of the word in bold
1. That young man behaves to every very …………………………(courteous)
2. It’s a cowardly attack on a ………………… man(defense)
3. It’s …………………… to play a game really well (satisfy)
4. I complained to the manager but I didn’t get any ……………………(satisfy)
5. The local government offered the ……………………… of food and medicines to the flood victims (distribute)
6. Salary is ……………………… to years of experience (proportion)
7. Families with children spend ………………………… less per person than families without children (proportion)
8. They always pay ………………………( puncture)
9. The …………………… of computer data along telephone lines becomes very popular (transmit)
10. …………………………… of the new system will take several days (install)
11. Copies are available by ……………………… (subscribe)
12. It was a long, slow film. I nearly died of …………………………(boring)
Unit 10: NATURE IN DANGER
BÀI TẬP 1 :
Hãy dùng relative pronoun WHOM ,WHICH nối các câu sau và đem giới từ ra trứoc chúng
1. The dogs are mine .Some of them are black
2. The radio is made in China. You are listen to it .
3. Your mother is a very nice .I talked to her last week.
4. These are my friends .I went to VT with them last year.
5. I will hold a party .You will be invited to it .
6. I don't like my girlfriend .She always ask me to wait for her whenever we go out.
7. These are the books. I have told you about them
8. That is the man .I 've borrowed some money from him.
9. Who was that man ? I saw you with that man in the restaurant .
10. The wall is dirty .You are leaning against it .
Nộp bài ,nộp bài nhanh lên !
[b]Ex 2: B]
1. Mr Carter is very interested in our plan. I spoke to him on the phone last night.
2. This is a photograph of our friends. We went on holiday with these friends.
3. The wedding took place last Friday. Only members of the family were invited to it.
4. Sheila finally arrived. We had been waiting for her.
5. We climbed to the top of the tower. We had a beautiful view from there.
Unit 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY
Ex 1: Reduce relative clauses to phrases:
1 . The man who is standing there is clown .
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it .
3. Benzene , which was discovered by Faraday , became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes , perfumes and explosives .
4. My grandmother , who is old and sick never goes out of the house .
5. The students don’t know how to do the exercises which were given by the teacher yesterday.
6. All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam .
7. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm .
8. Mr Jackson , who teaches my son , is my neighbour .
9. My brother, who met you yesterday , works for a big firm.
10. The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals
Ex 2:
1. A girl is my friend.She sits in front of you
2. His second film is called Big Frank.It was released last week.
3.A man was infured in the accident. He is now in hospital
4.This is the second person. She was died because ò cancer
5. A house was destroyed in the fire. It há now been rebuilt
6. They rebuilt this school. It was sponsored by the Parents
7. Do you get on with the mản He lives next door
8. The first person does this Math. He will get high mark.
Ex 3: Fill in each blank with one suitable word given in the box
enormous, oil, unpredictable, source, atmosphere, produce, fossil, consumption, nuclear, renewable, energy, replenished, environmental,meaningfully, supplies
Most of our ........(1).......... comes from fossil fuels -- coal,......(2)......., and natural gas supply about 85 percent of US primary energy........(3)........ . Although the .........(4)....... of these fossil fuels are vast, they are not unlimited. And more important, the earth's .........(5)....... and biosphere may not survive the environmental impact of burning such........(6)........ amounts of these fuels. Carbon stored over millions of years is being released in a matter of decades, disrupting the earth's carbon cycle in .........(7)........... ways.
But ........(8)......... fuels are not the only........(9)..... of energy, and burning fuel is not the only way to...........(10)....... heat and motion. Renewable energy offers us a better way. Some energy sources are "renewable" because they are naturally........(11)......., because they can be managed so that they last forever, or because their supply is so enormous that they can never be ........(12)........ depleted by humans. Moreover,..........(13)....... energy sources have much smaller......(14)........... impacts than fossil and .........(15)........fuels.
Ex 4: Fill in each gap with a word/phrase given:
Potential -------- Fossil ----------nuclear --------- consumption -------- release
Geothermal ------ ecology --------- solar panel ------- resources -------- environmental ---------Deforested --------hydroelectric
1. The Wesrtern countries are worried about Iran’s ... capacity.
2. ... Energy is connected with the natural heat of rock deep in the ground.
3. You should not buy a car with high fuel ...
4. Oil pollution could damage the fragile ... of the coral reefs.
5. ... fuel was formed over millions of years from the remains of animals or plants.
6. He has the ... to become a world-class musican.
7. Scientists are considering the ... of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
8. A ... is a piece of equipment on a roof that uses light and heat energy from the sun to produce hot water and electricity.
9. ... power has been developed rapidly in our country recently.
10. Limited ... are restricting our capacity for developing new products.
Unit 12: THE ASIAN GAME
Ex 1: Fill in the blanks
host, development, events, set,facilities, within, increased, Games, funds, government, departments, approved,advertising, expected, matters,competition
The Olympic Council of Asia .....(1)..... Guangzhou's bid to .....(2).... the 16th Asian Games in 2010, as it met in Athens for last year's Olympic......(3)........ . According to the constitution of the Olympic Council of Asia, the host city must.......(4)...... up an Asian Games Organising Committee ......(5)....... six months after winning the bid.
In fact, the relevant committee has not yet been set up, and .......(6)....... of cooperation relating to the Games will have to be left until after the organising committee and its functional.........(7)......... have been established.
The.........(8)....... of Guangzhou plans to invest over Rmb220 billion in the next few years in the run-up to the 2010 Asian .......(9)......, to improve its sports.........(10)...... and urban infrastructure. In addition to government investment, .........(11)......... will be raised from the private sector to finance a variety of projects.
For a start, the city will need 88 .........(12)........ and training venues for the 34 events of the Games.
The Asian Games Village is .......(13)....... to cover an area of 120 hectare for the accommodation of 11,000 athletes and coaches.
Also, although there are about 80 star-level hotels in Guangzhou today, the number will have to be............(14)......... to 300 by 2010, providing over 50,000 additional rooms.
Guangzhou will start its ........(15)........ of rail transport and intelligent transport to bring the Asian Games Village within a 30-minute distance of all competition venues.
In addition, the city will also further develop its telecom and television industries and promote its tourism, convention and exhibition,.........(16)........., catering, retail and other services.
Ex 2: Supply the correct form of the word in bold:
1. There were only three of us on the ... course (advance)
2. She shows little ... of good music (appreciate)
3. A reporter should know methods of information ... (gather)
4. The orchestra is very important for the ... life of the city (culture)
5. Demonstrations were held as a gesture of ... with the hunger strikers(solid).
6. The club provides a ... of activities including swimming, tennis, and squash (vary)
7. She took the job for ... reasons (vary)
8. He has been ... described as a hero, a genius and a bully (vary).
9. A back injury prevented active ... in any sports for a while. (participate)
10. The lake District offers ... attractive areas in England (scene)
Ex 3: Combine the following sentences, using suitable relative pronouns:
1. I have a class. It begins at 8am.
2. I know a park. It has the zoo and the Open-Air theater.
3. My ss asked me a question, I couldnt answer it.
4. A lion is an animal. This animal lives in Africe.
5. The bus is always crowded. I take it to school every day.
__________________
Unit 13: HOBBIES
Ex 1: Put emphasis on the bold words or phrases using IT
1. I’ve lost my book .
2. I saw him in the street only last week
3. I first got to know them five years ago.
4. She bought a new dress to go to the party
5. You are wrong , not me.
6. He is angry because you have lost all his papers
7. I discovered my mistakes years later .
8. We punished him in order to teach him a lesson .
9. He is going today
10. Teasing animals is cruel .
Ex 2: Put emphasis on the bold words or phrases using IT
11. The countryside is most beautiful in autumn .
12. England won the World Cup in 1966.
13. We ordered wine . We didn’t order beer .
14. Mastering a second language takes time and practice .
15. Peter lent us money . Paul did not .
16. You will succeed only by hard work .
17. The smoke from the factory chimneys pollutes the air .
18. The Soviet Union launched the first manned spaceship .
19. Did you start the light , or was it someone else ?
20. What I saw at the dance party surprised me
Ex 3: Choose the item (A,B,C or D) that best answers the question about the passage :
Chess must be one of the oldest games in the world. An Arab traveler in India in 900 wrote that it was played "long, long ago". Chess was probably invented in India, and it has been played everywhere from Japan to Europe since 1400. The name "chess" is interesting. When one player is attacking the other's king, he says in English, "check". When the king has been caught and cannot move anywhere, he says " checkmate” . These words come from Persian. “Shah mat” means "the king is dead". That is when the game is over, and one player has won.
Such an old game changes very slowly. The rules have not always been the same as they are now. For example, at one time the queen could only move one square at a time. Now she is the strongest piece on the board. It would be interesting to know why this has happened! Chess takes time and thought, but it is a game for all kinds of people. You don't have to be a champion in order to enjoy it. It is not always played by two people sitting at the same table. The first time the Americans beat the Russians was in a match played by radio. Some of the chess masters are able to play many people at the same time.The record was when one man played 400 games! It is said that some people play chess by post. This must make chess the slowest game in the world.
1. Which of the following is known to be true ?
A. Chess is an old India traveling game.
B. Chess is the oldest game in the world.
C. Chess was played in Japan and Europe before 1400.
D. Chess was played in India long before 900.
2. One player has won the game when
A. he attacks the other player’s king.
B. he says some Persian words.
C. The other player’s king cannot move anywhere.
D. he says ‘check’ to the other player.
3. Which of the following will be heard when one player has won the game?
A. Shah mat.
B. Check
C. The king is deal.
D. Checkmate
4. Which of the following is not correct ?
A. All kinds of people can play chess.
B. Only two people can play chess sitting at the same table.
C. Some people write each other playing chess.
D. The Russians lost the game by radio.
5. According to the old rules of the game
A. the queen was the strongest piece on the board.
B. The king had to be attacked all the time.
C. The queen could not move more than one square at a time.
D. The queen could not move anywhere.
Ex 4:
Rewrite the sentences to focus attention on the underlined information.Start with It+be and an appropriate wh-word or that.
1) She bought the car from Tom.
2) My secretary sent the bill to Mr Handing yesterday.
3) He already plays for national side ;he only turned professional last year.
4) The film was made in Bristol.
5) We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend.
6) Columbus sailed to America in 1492.
7) The president makes the important decisions.
8) I'm not looking forward to physics,but I'm most worried about the statistics exam.
Unit 14: RECREATION
Ex 1: Combine the following pair of sentences , using “both … and”, “neither … nor” or “either … or”
1. Tom was late. So was Ann.
2. He didn’t write. He didn’t telephone.
3. The hotel wasn’t clean. And it wasn’t comfortable.
4. It was a very boring film. It was very long, too.
5. Is that man’s name Richard? Or is it Robert ?
6. I didn’t have time to go on holiday. And I didn’t get money.
7. We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow.
8. He gave up his job because he needed a change. Also because he needed a higher pay.
9. Tom doesn’t smoke. And he doesn’t drink, either.
10. The front of the house needs painting. The back needs painting, too.
Ex 2: Change the sentences into cleft sentences in the passive.
1. Fred gave Mary the money .
2. The agent sold Mr. and Ms.Hanson the house.
3. We gave Tom a birthday present yesterday.
4. Jack sent the Jiffy Company a letter.
5. Tim handed Peter the books and the envelopes
6. Did the boy throw his friend the baseball?
7. We sent the teacher the package the next day.
8. The teacher told the students an interesting story.
9. Did Mr.Henry lend his brother the money ?
10.Are you going to write Mary a letter soon ?
__________________
Unit 15: SPACE CONQUEST
Ex 1: Add question tags to the following statements.
1) He hardly ever makes a mistake,............?
2) Nobody liked the play,.........?
3) She'd save money if she bought fresh food,................?
4) She's very funny. She's got a great sense of humour,...........?
5) The area was evacuated at once,.................?
6) Mr Smith usually remembered his wife's birthdays,..............?
7) It never works very well,............?
8) He ought to have made a note of it,.................?
9) Neither of them offered to help you,.............?
10) There'll be plenty for everyone,................?
Ex 2: Put in could or was/were able to. Sometimes either is possible.Use a negative if necessary
1) Suddenly all the lights went out.We..............see a thing.
2) The computer went wrong,but luckily Emma............. put it right again.
3) There was a big party last night.You.................hear the music half a mile away.
4) I learnt to read music as a child.I..............read it when I was five.
5) people heard warnings about the food,and they.........move out in time.
6) The train was full. I........... find a seat anywhere.
7) Mrs Carter...................put out the fire before the house burnt down.
8) I looked everywhere for the books ,but I.......... find it.
9) The plane................take off at eleven o'clock ,after the fog had lifted.
10)It was foggy ,so the plane..........take off.
__________________
Unit 16: THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD
Ex 1:Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. It is said that C.Columbus discovered American.
--> C.Columbus is said ...................................
2. It is said that many people are homeless because of the flood.
--> Many people ............................................
3. It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law.
--> The Prime Minister ...................................
4. It is expected that the US President will lose the election.
--> The US President........................................
5. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
--> The thieves........................................... ..
Ex 2: Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it.
6.It is found that she drove through the town at 50 miles an hour.
--> She .........................................
7.It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
--> Two people ................................
8.It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion.
--> Three men .................................
9.It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
--> The prisoner ..............................
10. It is believed that the wanted man is living in New York.
--> The wanted man ...........................
(ghi chú
wanted man :người bị truy nã)ư
Test 2
I. Choose the best answer:
1. The government ……………….a campaign adult literacy.
A. conducts
B. carries out
C . follows
D .A and B
2. In this ……………we are very fortunate.
A .aspect
B .respect
C .side
D .all are correct
3. They are going to …………….a survey of recent changes in careers.
A .do
B .conduct
C .carry out
D .B and C
4. Ethenic ………………is a group of people from a particular culture or of a particular race living in a contry where the main group is of a different culture or race.
A .minority
B .majority
C .group
D .tribe
5. We’ve run into …………..with the new project.
A .difficulty
B .difficulties
C .trouble
D .A and B
6. …………….is the reason why you do something or behaves in a particular way.
A .Acquisition
B .Motivation
C .Inspiration
D .Impression
7. The plan is designed to …………….employees to work more efficiently.
A .call
B .ask
C .oblige
D . motivate
8. They ……………spent their summer vacations teaching illiteracy people to write and read.
A .volunteer
B .voluntarily
C .volunteers
D .volunteering
9. The job was more difficult than I …………..expected it to be.
A .would
B .had
C .have
D .all are incorrect
10. The bus stops here in order to ……………passengers only
A .pick up
B .get off
C .pull up
D .pull in
II .Supply the correct form of the word in bold.
1. They have to check the …………..of the security system at the airport (effect)
2. She is a much loved and highly ………………teacher (respect)
3. He criticized the recent poor ………………of the company.(perform)
4. It is a job with excelllent ………………prospects.(promote)
5. The changes were made with …………..little difficulty.(surprise)
6. We try to make these training course ac ……………..as possible .(real)
7. …………., there is little prospect of a ceasefire .(real)
8. We took a ……………..more direct route (slight)
9. The company’s exports have been increasing ……………(steady)
10. They live in a …………….region.(mountain)
III. Report the following sentences, using ask or tell
1. “Leave me alone!”, she said to him
2. “Please don’t go!”, he asked her
3. “I am going to bed now”,he said to Ann
4. “Shut up”,said the teacher to the class.
5. “How much do you earn,Dad?”,asked Jeremy.
6. “Can you phone back later, Mr.Brown?” ,asked the sesretary.
7. “You did very well in the test”,said the teacher to everyone.
8. “Don’t walk on the grass!” the park keeper told the children.
9. “It is time to get up!”said John to his daughters.
10. “Do you think you could help me, Sue?”
IV. Read the passage follow and choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank space
Many parents believe that they should begin to teach their children to read when they are (1)…………….more than toddlers . This is fine if the child shows a real interest but (2)…………..a child could be counter-productive if she (he) isn’t ready. Wise parents will have a (3) ……………attitude and take the lead from their child. What they shuold provide is a selection of (4)…………….toys, books, and other activities. Nowadays the is plenty of good (5)………………available for young children, and of course, seeing plenty of books in use around the house will also (6)…………..them to read.
Of course, books are no longer the only (7)…………….of stories and information. There is also a huge range of videos, which can (8)……………..and extend the pleasure a child finds in a box and are (9)………………valuable in helping to increase vocabulary and concentration. Television gets abad (10)………………….as far as children are concerned, mainly because to many children spend too much time in watching programs not intended for their our group.
1. A.scarcely B.rarely C.slightly D.really
2. A.insisting B.forcing C.making D.starting
3. A.cheerful B.contended C.relaxed D.hopeful
4. A.bright B.thrilling C.energetic D.stimulating
5. A.material B.sense C.produce D.amusement
6. A.provoke B.encourage C.provide D.attract
7. A.source B.site C.style D.basis
8. A.uphold B.found C.reinforce D.assist
9. A.properly B.worthily C.perfectly D.equally
10. A.review B.press C.criticism D.result
V. Read the passage bellow and choose the best answer to each question.
Most educational specialists believe that early schooling should provide children with an awareness of their own abilities and the self-confidence to use their abilities. One approach recognised by many experts as promoting these qualities is the Montessori method, first prastised by Maria Montessori of Italy in the early 1900s. Nancy McCormick Rambusch is credited with popularising the method in the united States, where today there are over 400 Montessori schools.
The method helps children learn for themselves by providing them with instructional materials and tasks that facilitate acts of discovery and manipulation. Through such exploration, children develop their sense of touch and learn how to do everyday tasks without adult assistance. Other benefits include improvement in language skills, and acquaintance with elememts of science, music, and art.
1. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To explain the role of early education in child development.
B. To describe the development of the Montessori method
C. To discuss the life and work of Maria Montessori.
D. To demonstrate how children learn social and cultural values
2. According to the passage , who was first responsible for spreading the Montessori method in the USA?
A. Nancy McCormick Rambusch
B. A prominent educational expert
C. Maria Montessori
D. An administrator in the Department of Education
3. Which of the following is not mentioned as a benefit of the Montessori method?
A. Development of tactile senses
B. Improvement of language ability
C. Capacity to perform adult tasks
D. Knowledge of arts and sciences
4. The author of this passage probably feels that Montessori method …
A. has little long-lasting benefit for children
B. will lose its popularity in the United States.
C. does not accomplish what it slaims to achieve
D. is an effective means of child education
5. The following paragraph most likely discusses….
A. another education approach beneficial to children.
B. details on the life of Maria Montessori
C. additional practitioners of the Montessori method
D. elememts of science, misic, and art.
